论文标题
教育不平等
Educational Inequality
论文作者
论文摘要
本章提供了有关教育不平等的新证据，并回顾了有关不平等教育的原因和后果的文献。我们记录了来自不同社会经济背景的儿童之间的巨大成就差距，展示教育不平等的模式在各个国家，时间和世代之间如何变化，并在教育不平等与社会流动性之间建立联系。我们从人力资本的技能获取和投资的经济模型的角度解释了这一证据。这些模型解释了不平等教育的不同渠道，并强调了父母和孩子的教育投资中的内源性反应如何在经济不平等与教育不平等之间产生紧密的联系。考虑到Covid-19-19大流行期间的扩展学校关闭的担忧，我们还总结了有关大流行对儿童教育以及可能对教育不平等的长期影响的影响的早期证据。
This chapter provides new evidence on educational inequality and reviews the literature on the causes and consequences of unequal education. We document large achievement gaps between children from different socio-economic backgrounds, show how patterns of educational inequality vary across countries, time, and generations, and establish a link between educational inequality and social mobility. We interpret this evidence from the perspective of economic models of skill acquisition and investment in human capital. The models account for different channels underlying unequal education and highlight how endogenous responses in parents' and children's educational investments generate a close link between economic inequality and educational inequality. Given concerns over the extended school closures during the Covid-19 pandemic, we also summarize early evidence on the impact of the pandemic on children's education and on possible long-run repercussions for educational inequality.
