论文标题

具有多项式系数和应用到1D蜂窝自动机的线性程序

Linear Programs with Polynomial Coefficients and Applications to 1D Cellular Automata

论文作者

Bresler, Guy, Guo, Chenghao, Polyanskiy, Yury

论文摘要

储层计算是预测湍流的有力工具,其简单的架构具有处理大型系统的计算效率。然而,其实现通常需要完整的状态向量测量和系统非线性知识。我们使用非线性投影函数将系统测量扩展到高维空间,然后将其输入到储层中以获得预测。我们展示了这种储层计算网络在时空混沌系统上的应用,该系统模拟了湍流的若干特征。我们表明,使用径向基函数作为非线性投影器,即使只有部分观测并且不知道控制方程,也能稳健地捕捉复杂的系统非线性。最后,我们表明,当测量稀疏、不完整且带有噪声,甚至控制方程变得不准确时,我们的网络仍然可以产生相当准确的预测,从而为实际湍流系统的无模型预测铺平了道路。

Given a matrix $A$ and vector $b$ with polynomial entries in $d$ real variables $δ=(δ_1,\ldots,δ_d)$ we consider the following notion of feasibility: the pair $(A,b)$ is locally feasible if there exists an open neighborhood $U$ of $0$ such that for every $δ\in U$ there exists $x$ satisfying $A(δ)x\ge b(δ)$ entry-wise. For $d=1$ we construct a polynomial time algorithm for deciding local feasibility. For $d \ge 2$ we show local feasibility is NP-hard. This also gives the first polynomial-time algorithm for the asymptotic linear program problem introduced by Jeroslow in 1973. As an application (which was the primary motivation for this work) we give a computer-assisted proof of ergodicity of the following elementary 1D cellular automaton: given the current state $η_t \in \{0,1\}^{\mathbb{Z}}$ the next state $η_{t+1}(n)$ at each vertex $n\in \mathbb{Z}$ is obtained by $η_{t+1}(n)= \text{NAND}\big(\text{BSC}_δ(η_t(n-1)), \text{BSC}_δ(η_t(n))\big)$. Here the binary symmetric channel $\text{BSC}_δ$ takes a bit as input and flips it with probability $δ$ (and leaves it unchanged with probability $1-δ$). It is shown that there exists $δ_0>0$ such that for all $0<δ<δ_0$ the distribution of $η_t$ converges to a unique stationary measure irrespective of the initial condition $η_0$. We also consider the problem of broadcasting information on the 2D-grid of noisy binary-symmetric channels $\text{BSC}_δ$, where each node may apply an arbitrary processing function to its input bits. We prove that there exists $δ_0'>0$ such that for all noise levels $0<δ<δ_0'$ it is impossible to broadcast information for any processing function, as conjectured by Makur, Mossel and Polyanskiy.

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