论文标题
代码（N'T）法律时的透明度，合规性和可竞争性
Transparency, Compliance, And Contestability When Code Is(n't) Law
论文作者
论文摘要
技术安全机制和法律程序都是根据一组规范来应对不当行为的机制。尽管他们具有一般性的相似性，但在定义，行为以及对受试者的影响方面的定义方式和影响方面也存在明显差异。本文认为两种机制之间的相似性和差异是处理不当行为的方式，以及它们相互互动的地方。 考虑到代码作为法律的想法，我们讨论了代码的问责机制，以及它们必须如何与安全原则和法律原则相关。特别是，我们确定在这种情况下，对代码强制执行的规范的能力是问责制的重要组成部分。基于此分析，我们将透明度增强技术作为可以支持法律流程的安全机制的理由，与其他类型的责任机制相比。我们通过最近的两个示例根据最近的法院案件来说明这一点，这些案件涉及英国和荷兰Uber的邮局，并讨论一些实际考虑。
Both technical security mechanisms and legal processes serve as mechanisms to deal with misbehaviour according to a set of norms. While they share general similarities, there are also clear differences in how they are defined, act, and the effect they have on subjects. This paper considers the similarities and differences between both types of mechanisms as ways of dealing with misbehaviour, and where they interact with each other. Taking into consideration the idea of code as law, we discuss accountability mechanisms for code, and how they must relate to both security principles and legal principles. In particular, we identify the ability to contest norms enforced by code as an important part of accountability in this context. Based on this analysis, we make the case for transparency enhancing technologies as security mechanisms that can support legal processes, in contrast to other types of accountability mechanisms for code. We illustrate this through two examples based on recent court cases that involved Post Office in the United Kingdom and Uber in the Netherlands, and discuss some practical considerations.
