论文标题
超薄钛管上的气钨电弧焊接的多物理模型
Multiphysics modelling of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding on ultra-thin-walled titanium tubing
论文作者
论文摘要
该论文提出了一种新型的多物理求解器,称为GTAWFOAM,用于气钨电弧焊接(GTAW),用于在超薄壁的钛管上模拟轨道GTAW。在本文中,超薄的管道是指壁厚小于500 $μm$的管道。用这种壁厚厚度的管道轨道焊接需要足够的热输入来焊接管道,又需要内部支撑气流,以确保管子保持其几何完整性。特定用例是针对Atlas ITK冷却系统中使用的商业纯2级钛管,该系统为2.275 $ mm $ $外径和300 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $。使用开源计算流体动力学库OpenFOAM创建求解器,并且求解器的每个组件都针对适当的情况进行基准测试。建立求解器后,它用于模拟一系列在上述钛管上实验执行的焊接程序。实验和仿真结果均显示了一个“ Goldilocks”区域,其中焊接热输入和内部支撑气流被调节到产生完全穿透焊缝但管道的几何完整性的水平。然后,GTAWFOAM用于模拟假设管道,较大和较小的壁厚厚度在250美元$μm$和350 $μm$之间。结果表明,一旦达到的支撑气压在壁厚变化之间相对可转移,但要施加足够的热量以实现完全渗透至关重要。然后,这些结果用于预测该假设管道的有效焊接程序。随后将GTAWFOAM应用于涡轮叶片的焊接。这包括在模仿添加剂制造中添加多层填充金属。
This thesis presents a novel multiphysics solver, named gtawFoam, for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) that is applied to simulate orbital GTAW on ultra-thin-walled titanium tubing. In this thesis, ultra-thin-walled tubing refers to tubing where the wall thicknesses are less than 500 $μm$. Orbital welding of tubing with this wall thickness requires both a sufficient heat input to weld the tubing and an internal buttressing gas flow to ensure the tube retains its geometrical integrity. The specific use case is for the commercially pure grade 2 titanium tubing used in the ATLAS ITk cooling system which is 2.275 $mm$ outer diameter and 300 $μm$ wall thickness at the weld. The solver is created using the open source computational fluid dynamics library OpenFOAM and each component of the solver is benchmarked against an appropriate case. With the solver established, it is used to simulate a series of welding procedures that were performed experimentally on the aforementioned titanium tubing. Both the experimental and simulation results show a `goldilocks' region where the weld heat input and inner buttressing gas flow are moderated to a level where a fully penetrating weld is created but the geometric integrity of the tube is not compromised. gtawFoam is then used to simulate hypothetical tubing with larger and smaller wall thicknesses between 250 $μm$ and 350 $μm$. The results suggest that the required buttressing gas pressure once achieved is relatively transferable between wall thickness changes but applying enough heat so as to achieve full penetration is critical. These results are then used to predict effective welding procedures for this hypothetical tubing. gtawFoam is subsequently applied to the welding of turbine blades. This includes the addition of multiple layers of filler metal to mimic additive manufacturing.