论文标题

NOSQL数据库的模式分类法更改

A Taxonomy of Schema Changes for NoSQL Databases

论文作者

Chillón, Alberto Hernández, Klettke, Meike, Ruiz, Diego Sevilla, Molina, Jesús García

论文摘要

模式进化是数据库管理中的关键方面。所提出的模式变化的分类法忽略了涉及实体类型之间关系的一组操作:聚合和参考以及模式类型的结构变化的可能存在,因为大多数NOSQL系统都是示意性的。在已发表的作品中也未考虑实体类型和关系类型之间的区别,这是图形模式的典型特征。此外,NOSQL模式的演变提出了具有不同数据模型的挑战,并且不存在标准规范。在本文中,提出了一种不断发展的NOSQL和关系模式的通用方法,该方法基于包括聚集和参考关系以及结构变化的U-Schema Unified数据模型。对于此数据模型,我们为所有U-Schema元素介绍了模式更改的分类法,该元素是通过创建无独立的语言来实现的。我们将展示如何使用Orion来自动生成一组NOSQL数据库的进化脚本,并且将通过获得的性能结果来分析每个模式操作的可行性。该分类法已通过合金正式验证,两个案例研究显示了猎户座的应用。

Schema evolution is a crucial aspect in database management. The proposed taxonomies of schema changes have neglected the set of operations that involves relationships between entity types: aggregation and references, as well as the possible existence of structural variations for schema types, as most of NoSQL systems are schemaless. The distinction between entity types and relationship types, which is typical of graph schemas, is also not taken into account in the published works. Moreover, NoSQL schema evolution poses the challenge of having different data models, and no standard specification exists for them. In this paper, a generic approach for evolving NoSQL and relational schemas is presented, which is based on the U-Schema unified data model that includes aggregation and reference relationships, and structural variations. For this data model, we introduce a taxonomy of schema changes for all the U-Schema elements, which is implemented by creating the Orion database-independent language. We will show how Orion can be used to automatically generate evolution scripts for a set of NoSQL databases, and the feasibility of each schema operation will be analyzed through the performance results obtained. The taxonomy has been formally validated by means of Alloy, and two case studies show the application of Orion.

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