论文标题
前沿涡流形成和尾流轨迹:合成测量,分析和机器学习
Leading edge vortex formation and wake trajectory: Synthesizing measurements, analysis, and machine learning
论文作者
论文摘要
研究了由俯仰式液体(Chord $ c $)形成的前缘涡流(LEV)的强度和轨迹。使用$ Q $ - 标准方法识别LEV,该方法是从从PIV测量获得的2D速度字段计算得出的。中风中的相对攻击角度,$ {α_{t/4}} $,被证明是将振幅($ h_0/c $),音高振幅($θ_0$)和降低的频率($ f^*$)组合到单个可变中的有效方法,可预测$ Q $ $ Q $的最大值,从而预测$ Q $的最大值。一旦LEV与箔分离,它就会向下游行驶并迅速削弱和扩散。 LEV的下游轨迹具有两个特征形状。在$ {α_{t/4}} $的低值时,它与箔片分开后直接向下游传播,而较高的$ {α_{t/4}} $的较高值,随附的尾随边缘涡流(TEV)形式,诱导的速度为Vortex the Interione the Vortex traiention产生交叉流动。使用LEV和TEV的潜在流模型准确预测了此行为。监督的机器学习算法,即支持向量回归和高斯过程回归,用于创建回归模型,以预测生长期间和分离后涡流强度,形状和轨迹。回归模型成功捕获了在$ {α_{t/4}} $的不同值下观察到的两个涡流制度的功能。但是,预测的LEV轨迹比实验中观察到的要顺畅。涡流的优势通常被低估了。这两个缺点都可能归因于训练数据集的相对较小的尺寸。
The strength and trajectory of a leading edge vortex (LEV) formed by a pitching-heaving hydrofoil (chord $c$) is studied. The LEV is identified using the $Q$-criterion method, which is calculated from the 2D velocity field obtained from PIV measurements. The relative angle of attack at mid-stroke, ${α_{T/4}} $, proves to be an effective method of combining heave amplitude ($h_0/c$), pitch amplitude ($θ_0$), and reduced frequency ($f^*$) into a single variable that predicts the maximum value of $Q$ over a wide range of operating conditions. Once the LEV separates from the foil, it travels downstream and rapidly weakens and diffuses. The downstream trajectory of the LEV has two characteristic shapes. At low values of ${α_{T/4}}$, it travels straight downstream after separating from the foil, while at higher values of ${α_{T/4}} $, an accompanying Trailing Edge Vortex (TEV) forms and the induced velocity generates a cross-stream component to the vortex trajectories. This behavior is accurately predicted using a potential flow model for the LEV and TEV. Supervised machine learning algorithms, namely Support Vector Regression and Gaussian Process Regression, are used to create regression models that predicts the vortex strength, shape and trajectory during growth and after separation. The regression model successfully captures the features of two vortex regimes observed at different values of ${α_{T/4}} $. However, the predicted LEV trajectories are somewhat smoother than observed in the experiments. The strengths of the vortex is often under-predicted. Both of these shortcomings may be attributed to the relatively small size of the training data set.