论文标题
真实世界图像Denoising的强大深层合奏方法
Robust Deep Ensemble Method for Real-world Image Denoising
论文作者
论文摘要
最近,基于深度学习的图像denoising方法在测试数据上具有与培训集相同的测试数据的有希望的性能,在该数据中,基于合成或收集的现实世界训练数据的各种denoising模型。但是,在处理现实世界嘈杂的图像时,降解性能仍然受到限制。在本文中,我们提出了一种简单而有效的贝叶斯深集合(BDE)方法,用于现实世界图像denoising,其中可以融合使用各种训练数据设置预先培训的几位代表性的深层Denoiser,以提高鲁棒性。 BDE的基础是现实世界的图像噪声高度取决于信号依赖性,并且在现实世界中的嘈杂图像中的异质噪声可以由不同的Deoisiser分别处理。特别是,我们将训练有素的CBDNET,NBNET,HINET,UFORMER和GMSNET带入Denoiser池中,并且采用U-NET来预测Pixel-wise加权图以融合这些Deoisiser。引入了贝叶斯深度学习策略,而不是仅仅学习像素的加权图,而是为了预测加权不确定性和加权图,可以通过该图来建立预测方差,以改善现实世界中的嘈杂图像的鲁棒性。广泛的实验表明,可以通过融合现有的DeNoisers而不是训练一个以昂贵的成本来训练一个大的DeNoiser来更好地消除现实世界的噪音。在DND数据集上,我们的BDE在最先进的DeNoising方法上实现了 +0.28〜dB PSNR的增益。此外,我们注意到,在应用于现实世界嘈杂的图像时,基于不同高斯噪声水平的BDE DEOISER优于最先进的CBDNET。此外,我们的BDE可以扩展到其他图像恢复任务,并在基准数据集上分别实现 +0.30dB, +0.18dB和 +0.12dB PSNR的收益,以分别用于图像脱张,图像降低和单个图像超级分辨率。
Recently, deep learning-based image denoising methods have achieved promising performance on test data with the same distribution as training set, where various denoising models based on synthetic or collected real-world training data have been learned. However, when handling real-world noisy images, the denoising performance is still limited. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective Bayesian deep ensemble (BDE) method for real-world image denoising, where several representative deep denoisers pre-trained with various training data settings can be fused to improve robustness. The foundation of BDE is that real-world image noises are highly signal-dependent, and heterogeneous noises in a real-world noisy image can be separately handled by different denoisers. In particular, we take well-trained CBDNet, NBNet, HINet, Uformer and GMSNet into denoiser pool, and a U-Net is adopted to predict pixel-wise weighting maps to fuse these denoisers. Instead of solely learning pixel-wise weighting maps, Bayesian deep learning strategy is introduced to predict weighting uncertainty as well as weighting map, by which prediction variance can be modeled for improving robustness on real-world noisy images. Extensive experiments have shown that real-world noises can be better removed by fusing existing denoisers instead of training a big denoiser with expensive cost. On DND dataset, our BDE achieves +0.28~dB PSNR gain over the state-of-the-art denoising method. Moreover, we note that our BDE denoiser based on different Gaussian noise levels outperforms state-of-the-art CBDNet when applying to real-world noisy images. Furthermore, our BDE can be extended to other image restoration tasks, and achieves +0.30dB, +0.18dB and +0.12dB PSNR gains on benchmark datasets for image deblurring, image deraining and single image super-resolution, respectively.