论文标题
全球减少硫磺法规的船舶轨道燃料燃料
Global Reduction in Ship-tracks from Sulfur Regulations for Shipping Fuel
论文作者
论文摘要
船舶轨道是由船舶发射的气溶胶与海洋低云相互作用的。在这里，我们将深度学习模型应用于卫星数据，以生成第一座多年的全球船舶轨道图。我们表明，船舶轨道处于云物理，海上运输和燃料调节的联系。我们的地图捕获了主要的运输车道，同时丢失了其他人，反映了背景云和气溶胶特性的影响。船舶轨道频率比以前的调查的预期高10倍以上。船舶轨道频率的年际波动反映了跨界贸易，运输活动和燃料法规的变化。燃料调节可以改变由于成本经济性而导致的船舶轨道密度和运输路线模式。新的燃料法规以及Covid-19的大流行，将2020年的船舶轨道频率降低到近几十年来全球最低水平，并可能引入了低船舶轨道频率的新时代。我们估计燃料调节引起的气溶胶间接强迫在0.02至0.22 WM-2之间。
Ship-tracks are produced by ship-emitted aerosols interacting with marine low clouds. Here we apply deep learning models on satellite data to produce the first multi-year global climatology map of ship-tracks. We show that ship-tracks are at the nexus of cloud physics, maritime shipping, and fuel regulation. Our map captures major shipping lanes while missing others, reflecting the influences of background cloud and aerosol properties. Ship-track frequency is more than 10 times higher than expected from a previous survey. Interannual fluctuations in ship-track frequency reflect variations in cross-ocean trade, shipping activity, and fuel regulations. Fuel regulation can alter both detected ship-track density and pattern of shipping routes due to cost economics. The new fuel regulation, together with the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced ship-track frequency in 2020 to its lowest level in recent decades across the globe and may have ushered in a new era of low ship-track frequency. We estimate the aerosol indirect forcing induced by the fuel regulation to be between 0.02 and 0.22 Wm-2.
