论文标题

空中操纵器的混合建模方法

A Hybrid Modelling Approach for Aerial Manipulators

论文作者

Kremer, Paul, Sanchez-Lopez, Jose Luis, Voos, Holger

论文摘要

空中操纵器(AM)表现出特别具有挑战性的非线性动力学;它携带的无人机和操纵器形成一个紧密耦合的动态系统,相互影响。描述这些动力学的数学模型构成了非线性控制和深度强化学习中许多解决方案的核心。传统上,动力学的表述涉及在拉格朗日框架中的欧拉角参数化或牛顿 - 欧拉框架中的四元素参数化。前者的缺点是孕育了奇异性,而后者则是算法复杂的。这项工作提出了一个混合解决方案,结合了两者的好处,即利用拉格朗日框架的四元素方法,将无奇异的参数化与拉格朗日方法的算法简单性联系起来。我们这样做是通过提供有关运动学建模过程的详细见解以及一般空中操纵器动力学的表述。获得的动力学模型对实时物理引擎进行了实验验证。所获得的动力学模型的实际应用显示在计算的扭矩反馈控制器(反馈线性化)的上下文中,我们通过日益复杂的模型分析了其实时能力。

Aerial manipulators (AM) exhibit particularly challenging, non-linear dynamics; the UAV and the manipulator it is carrying form a tightly coupled dynamic system, mutually impacting each other. The mathematical model describing these dynamics forms the core of many solutions in non-linear control and deep reinforcement learning. Traditionally, the formulation of the dynamics involves Euler angle parametrization in the Lagrangian framework or quaternion parametrization in the Newton-Euler framework. The former has the disadvantage of giving birth to singularities and the latter of being algorithmically complex. This work presents a hybrid solution, combining the benefits of both, namely a quaternion approach leveraging the Lagrangian framework, connecting the singularity-free parameterization with the algorithmic simplicity of the Lagrangian approach. We do so by offering detailed insights into the kinematic modeling process and the formulation of the dynamics of a general aerial manipulator. The obtained dynamics model is validated experimentally against a real-time physics engine. A practical application of the obtained dynamics model is shown in the context of a computed torque feedback controller (feedback linearization), where we analyze its real-time capability with increasingly complex models.

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