论文标题

大规模恒星形成的新阶段?焦点以红外安静核心为中心的发光流出腔

A new phase of massive star formation? A luminous outflow cavity centred on an infrared quiet core

论文作者

Bonne, L., Peretto, N., Duarte-Cabral, A., Schmiedeke, A., Schneider, N., Bontemps, S., Whitworth, A.

论文摘要

我们提出了G345.88-1.10轮毂细丝系统的顶点,红外和无线电连续观测,这是一种新发现的恒星形成云,其中心占据了异常明亮的双极红外红外雾性。在2.26 $^{+0.30} _ { - 0.21} $ kpc,G345.88-1.10的距离上,展示了一个parsec-long的融合细丝网络。这些细丝的交界处是四个红外奎特碎片。密度片段(M = 210 m $ _ {\ odot} $,r $ _ {\ rm {fef}} = 0.14 $ pc)位于一个宽的中心($ \ sim $ 90 $ \ sim $ 90 $ \ pm $ 15 $ 15 $^{o} $ 15 $}的开头角度)双极性烟雾。 $^{12} $ CO(2-1)观察结果表明,这些红外亮度雾化在空间上与中央碎片的强大分​​子流出相关。可以忽略不计的无线电连续体,没有H30 $α$发射对腔的检测到,似乎排除了电离辐射驱动腔的演变。此外,辐射转移模拟无法再现观察到的低亮度($ \ lyssim $ 500 l $ _ {\ odot} $)中心来源和周围的高光度($ \ sim 4000 $ l $ _ {\ odot} $)中infrared-infrared-infrared-bright-bright-bright-bright-bright-bright-bright-bright-bright-bright cavity。这表明来自中央原始恒星的辐射加热不能对流出腔的照明负责。据我们所知,这是这种类型的第一个报告的对象。诸如G345.88-1.10之类的物体的稀有性可能与迄今为止未知的巨大恒星和/或群集形成过程中的一个非常短的阶段有关。我们讨论一个发作的机械能量沉积还是在崩溃中心中有强大的质量积聚的连续发作可能解释了观察结果。尽管在某些方面有希望,但完全相干的情况解释了以红外黑暗碎片为中心的发光双极腔的存在仍然难以捉摸。

We present APEX, infrared and radio continuum observations of the G345.88-1.10 hub filament system which is a newly discovered star-forming cloud that hosts an unusually bright bipolar infrared nebulosity at its centre. At a distance of 2.26$^{+0.30}_{-0.21}$ kpc, G345.88-1.10 exhibits a network of parsec-long converging filaments. At the junction of these filaments lie four infrared-quiet fragments. The densest fragment (with M=210 M$_{\odot}$, R$_{\rm{eff}}=0.14$ pc) sits at the centre of a wide (opening angle of $\sim$ 90$\pm$15$^{o}$) bipolar nebulosity. $^{12}$CO(2-1) observations show that these infrared-bright nebulosities are spatially associated with a powerful molecular outflow from the central fragment. Negligible radio continuum and no H30$α$ emission is detected towards the cavities, seemingly excluding that ionising radiation drives the evolution of the cavities. Furthermore, radiative transfer simulations are unable to reproduce the observed combination of a low-luminosity ($\lesssim$ 500 L$_{\odot}$) central source and a surrounding high-luminosity ($\sim 4000$ L$_{\odot}$) mid-infrared-bright bipolar cavity. This suggests that radiative heating from a central protostar cannot be responsible for the illumination of the outflow cavities. To our knowledge, this is the first reported object of this type. The rarity of objects like G345.88-1.10 is likely related to a very short phase in the massive star and/or cluster formation process that was so far unidentified. We discuss whether mechanical energy deposition by one episode or successive episodes of powerful mass accretion in a collapsing hub might explain the observations. While promising in some aspects, a fully coherent scenario that explains the presence of a luminous bipolar cavity centred on an infrared-dark fragment remains elusive at this point.

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