论文标题
TTS-CGAN:变压器时间序列有条件gan用于生物信号数据增强
TTS-CGAN: A Transformer Time-Series Conditional GAN for Biosignal Data Augmentation
论文作者
论文摘要
以时间序列形式出现的信号测量是医疗机学习应用中使用的最常见数据类型之一。这样的数据集的大小通常很小,收集和注释昂贵,并且可能涉及隐私问题,这阻碍了我们培训用于生物医学应用的大型,最先进的深度学习模型的能力。对于时间序列数据,我们可以用来扩展数据集大小的数据增强策略套件受到维护信号的基本属性的限制。生成对抗网络(GAN)可以用作另一种数据增强工具。在本文中,我们提出了TTS-CGAN,这是一种基于变压器的有条件GAN模型,可以在现有的多级数据集上进行训练,并生成特定于类的合成时间序列的任意长度序列。我们详细介绍了模型架构和设计策略。由我们的模型生成的合成序列与真实的序列无法区分,可以用来补充或替换相同类型的真实信号,从而实现了数据增强的目标。为了评估生成的数据的质量,我们修改小波相干度量标准以比较两组信号之间的相似性,还进行了一个案例研究,其中合成和真实数据的组合用于训练序列分类的深度学习模型。与其他可视化技术和定性评估方法一起,我们证明了TTS-CGAN生成的合成数据与真实数据相似,并且我们的模型的性能要比为时间序列数据生成而构建的其他最先进的GAN模型更好。
Signal measurement appearing in the form of time series is one of the most common types of data used in medical machine learning applications. Such datasets are often small in size, expensive to collect and annotate, and might involve privacy issues, which hinders our ability to train large, state-of-the-art deep learning models for biomedical applications. For time-series data, the suite of data augmentation strategies we can use to expand the size of the dataset is limited by the need to maintain the basic properties of the signal. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can be utilized as another data augmentation tool. In this paper, we present TTS-CGAN, a transformer-based conditional GAN model that can be trained on existing multi-class datasets and generate class-specific synthetic time-series sequences of arbitrary length. We elaborate on the model architecture and design strategies. Synthetic sequences generated by our model are indistinguishable from real ones, and can be used to complement or replace real signals of the same type, thus achieving the goal of data augmentation. To evaluate the quality of the generated data, we modify the wavelet coherence metric to be able to compare the similarity between two sets of signals, and also conduct a case study where a mix of synthetic and real data are used to train a deep learning model for sequence classification. Together with other visualization techniques and qualitative evaluation approaches, we demonstrate that TTS-CGAN generated synthetic data are similar to real data, and that our model performs better than the other state-of-the-art GAN models built for time-series data generation.