论文标题
年轻大型群集的早期演变:NGC6611 / M16的运动学史
The early evolution of young massive clusters: The kinematic history of NGC6611 / M16
论文作者
论文摘要
在前几种Myr中,大型恒星动态相互作用,产生逃亡者并影响最初的二元种群。观察和解释年轻大型簇的动力学是我们对恒星形成过程的理解的关键,并预测了恒星进化的结果。我们已经在Eagle Nebula(M16)中研究了NGC6611,这是一个年轻的大型群集,拥有19 O星。我们使用GAIA EDR3数据来确定包括逃亡者在内的大型恒星的成员资格,年龄,集群动力学和运动学。会员分析的平均距离为1706美元$ \ pm $ 7 PC。颜色 - 绝对幅度图揭示了蓝色和红色的预序列恒星,与两个不同的恒星群体一致。与较早的研究一致,最年轻的人口具有平均灭绝$ a_v $ = 3.6 $ \ pm $ 0.1 mag,年龄= 1.3 $ \ pm $ 0.2 MYR,而较老的星人的恒星具有平均灭绝$ a_v $ = 2.0 $ \ pm $ 0.1 $ 0.1 mag and age = 7.5 $ \ pm \ pm \ pm $ 0.4 myr。后一个人口比年轻一代的恒星更为空间扩展。我们认为,大多数OB星星属于年轻人。我们识别出源自NGC6611中心的8个逃亡者,与动态弹出场景一致。我们表明,约50%的O恒星的速度与逃逸速度相当或大。这些O恒星可以追溯到NGC6611的中心,运动年龄范围从0到2 MYR。这表明动态相互作用在NGC6611的早期演变中起着重要作用,考虑到低电流恒星密度,这令人惊讶。将其与年轻大型群集的模拟进行比较,所需的初始半径为0.1-0.5 PC与NGC6611的原始半径不一致。 O恒星最初可能以宽阔的二进制形式形成,并且可能通过动态相互作用而变硬。
In the first few Myr the massive stars dynamically interact, produce runaways and affect the initial binary population. Observing and interpreting the dynamics of young massive clusters is key to our understanding of the star formation process and predicting the outcome of stellar evolution. We have studied NGC6611 in the Eagle Nebula (M16), a young massive cluster hosting 19 O stars. We used Gaia EDR3 data to determine the membership, age, cluster dynamics and the kinematics of the massive stars including runaways. The membership analysis yields 137 members located at a mean distance of 1706 $\pm$ 7 pc. The colour - absolute magnitude diagram reveals a blue and a red population of pre-main-sequence stars, consistent with two distinct populations of stars. In line with earlier studies, the youngest population has a mean extinction $A_V$ = 3.6 $\pm$ 0.1 mag and an age = 1.3 $\pm$ 0.2 Myr, while the older population of stars has a mean extinction $A_V$ = 2.0 $\pm$ 0.1 mag and an age = 7.5 $\pm$ 0.4 Myr. The latter population is more spatially extended than the younger generation of stars. We argue that most of the OB stars belong to the younger population. We identify 8 runaways originating from the center of NGC6611, consistent with the dynamical ejection scenario. We show that ~ 50% of the O stars have velocities comparable to or greater than the escape velocity. These O stars can be traced back to the center of NGC6611 with kinematic ages ranging from 0 to 2 Myr. This suggests that dynamical interactions played an important role in the early evolution of NGC6611, which is surprising considering the low current stellar density. Comparing this to simulations of young massive clusters, the required initial radius of 0.1-0.5 pc is not consistent with that of NGC6611. The O stars could have initially formed in wide binaries and possibly harden through dynamical interactions.