论文标题
新兴时空符合新兴的量子现象：观察移动样本中的量子相变
Emergent space-time meets emergent quantum phenomena: observing quantum phase transitions in a moving sample
论文作者
论文摘要
在材料科学中，已经确定，随着材料的颗粒数量$ n $的数量越来越多，尤其是在热力学极限，各种宏观量子量子现象，例如超导性，超级流体，超流体，量子磁性，分数量子霍尔效果和各种量子或拓扑相变（QPT）emerge（QPT）的非质量量化量。总是有一个将能量和颗粒与材料交换的储层。这是P. W. Anderson的丰富见解的本质``更多是不同的''。但是，这张一般图片中仍然缺少一个基本组成部分：在运动惯性框架或移动样本中，``更多是不同''如何变得不同？在这里，我们解决了这个杰出的问题。我们通过研究最简单的QPT之一来证明我们的主张：超级流体（SF） - 相互作用的玻色子在平方晶格中相互作用的玻色子过渡，该样品以恒定速度$ \ vec {v} $移动的样品。我们首先阐述了移动的样本和移动的惯性框架之间的关键差异，这强调了水库在大规范合奏中扮演的关键角色，这首先是研究SF-mott过渡所需的。在这项工作中，我们主要介绍移动的样本案例，仅简短地讨论移动惯性框架。这是使空间和时间混合的移动。我们还强调了基础晶格所扮演的重要角色。在移动样品中进行各种光或中子散射测量可能会成为一种有效的方式，不仅通过相变量来测量材料的各种固有特性，通过相转换来调整各种量子和拓扑阶段，而且还探究了附近任何QPT附近的新出现的时空结构。
In material science, it was established that as the number of particles $ N $ in a material gets more and more, especially in the thermodynamic limit, various macroscopic quantum phenomena such as superconductivity, superfluidity, quantum magnetism, Fractional quantum Hall effects and various quantum or topological phase transitions (QPT) emerge in such non-relativistic quantum many-body systems. There is always a reservoir which exchanges energy and particles with the material. This is the essence of P. W. Anderson's great insight `` More is different ''. However, there is still a fundamental component missing in this general picture: How the `` More is different '' becomes different in a moving inertial frame or a moving sample? Here we address this outstanding problem.We demonstrate our claims by studying one of the simplest QPTs: Superfluid (SF)-Mott transitions of interacting bosons in a square lattice in a sample moving with a constant velocity $ \vec{v} $. We first elaborate the crucial difference between a moving sample and a moving inertial frame, stressing the crucial roles played by a reservoir in a grand canonical ensemble which is needed to study the SF-Mott transition in the first place. In this work, we mainly present the moving sample case and only discuss very briefly the moving inertial frame case. It is the moving which mixes the space and time. We also stress the important roles played by the underlying lattice. Doing various light or neutron scattering measurements in a moving sample may become an effective way not only measure various intrinsic properties of the materials, tune various quantum and topological phases through phase transitions, but also probe the new emergent space-time structure near any QPT.
