论文标题
释放基于价格的拥塞管理计划的潜力：一种比较多个目标下替代模型的统一方法
Unleashing the potential of price-based congestion management schemes: a unifying approach to compare alternative models under multiple objectives
论文作者
论文摘要
从边际成本道路定价到基于旅行的多模式定价，提出了各种基于价格的拥塞管理方案。基础模型是在不同的理论假设和有时甚至相互矛盾的目标下提出的。本文提出了一个统一的框架，根据其各自的假设可以比较不同的方法。统一的建模框架被称为TRIP定价模型，该模型将路径分化的定价扩展到多模式路径，即以任何模式或模式组合的行程，并将道路定价方案（被证明是一种特殊情况）推广。通过设定正面（通行费）和负面（激励措施）价格，收入中性方案也被证明是特殊情况，没有A-Priori假设在哪些路径/模式进行收费/激励的情况下进行。为了进行模型比较，定价设计问题是在多目标优化框架中提出的，该框架结合了交通效率，环境可持续性，用户的接受度，社会和空间权益为定价目标。将旅行定价计划与传统的道路定价方案及其收入中立的变体进行了比较。在Nguyen-Dupuis网络上比较了在单目标和多目标优化框架中设计的第一最好的和第二最好的定价方案。结果表明，单目标道路定价具有多目标旅行的巨大拥堵定价潜力。此外，表明正面和负价格的应用可显着增加定价方案的预期接受，并保留效率和可持续性目标。结果应促进设计更有效的定价政策的设计，即，基于现在可用的乘客跟踪和定价技术，一套更容易交流的定价规则。
A wide range of price-based congestion management schemes were proposed in the literature ranging from marginal cost road pricing to trip based multimodal pricing. The underlying models were formulated under different theoretical assumptions and with varying, and sometimes conflicting objectives. This paper presents a unifying framework under which different approaches can be compared based on their respective assumptions. The unifying modelling framework is referred to as trip pricing model, which extends path-differentiated pricing to multimodal paths, i.e., trips on whatever mode or combinations of modes, and generalizes road pricing schemes (which are shown to be a special case). By setting both positive (tolls) and negative (incentives) prices, revenue-neutral schemes are also shown to be special cases, with no a-priori assumption on which paths/modes to toll/incentivize. For model comparison, the pricing design problem is formulated in a multi-objective optimization framework, which combines traffic efficiency, environmental sustainability, users' acceptance, social and spatial equity, as pricing objectives. The trip pricing scheme is compared with traditional road pricing schemes, and with their revenue-neutral variants. First-best and second-best pricing schemes, designed in single- and multi-objective optimization frameworks, are compared on the Nguyen-Dupuis network. Results suggest a vast potential for multi-objective trip congestion pricing over single-objective road pricing. In addition, the application of both positive and negative prices is shown to significantly increase the expected acceptance of pricing schemes and to preserve efficiency and sustainability objectives. The results should promote the design of more effective pricing policies, i.e., set of pricing rules easier to communicate, based on now available technologies of passengers' tracking and pricing.
