论文标题
均值谐振中推断行星的特性因测量噪声而偏置
Inferred Properties of Planets in Mean-Motion Resonances are Biased by Measurement Noise
论文作者
论文摘要
具有平均动力共振(MMR)的行星系统在动态复杂性和约束行星形成和迁移历史的能力方面具有特殊价值。但是,建立这些连接的关键是对共振动力学的可靠表征,尤其是所谓的“库振幅”,该动力学质量地衡量了系统对共振的深度。在这项工作中,我们通过解释谐振系统观察数据的库幅度估计来确定一个重要的并发症。具体而言,我们表明测量噪声会导致库幅度的推断系统偏向更大的值,而嘈杂的数据产生了较大的偏见。我们通过多种方法证明了这一点,包括使用合成径向速度数据的动态拟合来探索从后参数分布推论的库幅度分布如何随测量噪声的程度而变化。我们发现,即使是适度的噪声水平仍然会导致略有偏差。偏置的起源源于共振相空间的拓扑结构,以及可用的相空间体积随着库幅度的增加而不均匀地增加的事实。我们强调通过使用特定先验来减轻偏见的策略。我们的结果表明,许多已知的共振系统的共振可能比以前所欣赏的要深。
Planetary systems with mean-motion resonances (MMRs) hold special value in terms of their dynamical complexity and their capacity to constrain planet formation and migration histories. The key towards making these connections, however, is to have a reliable characterization of the resonant dynamics, especially the so-called "libration amplitude", which qualitatively measures how deep the system is into the resonance. In this work, we identify an important complication with the interpretation of libration amplitude estimates from observational data of resonant systems. Specifically, we show that measurement noise causes inferences of the libration amplitude to be systematically biased to larger values, with noisier data yielding a larger bias. We demonstrated this through multiple approaches, including using dynamical fits of synthetic radial velocity data to explore how the the libration amplitude distribution inferred from the posterior parameter distribution varies with the degree of measurement noise. We find that even modest levels of noise still result in a slight bias. The origin of the bias stems from the topology of the resonant phase space and the fact that the available phase space volume increases non-uniformly with increasing libration amplitude. We highlight strategies for mitigating the bias through the usage of particular priors. Our results imply that many known resonant systems are likely deeper in resonance than previously appreciated.