论文标题
有限温度下的拓扑相变
Topological phase transitions at finite temperature
论文作者
论文摘要
与手性对称性的一维中非互动费米子的接地状态形成了一类拓扑结构绝缘子,由拓扑不变式描述,可能与Zak相有关。最近,将该数量的概括(称为集合几何阶段(EGP))概括为描述在非零温度下拓扑的强大方法。通过使用此数量,我们探索拓扑的性质,可以超出林语描述以外的耗散,以便在有限温度下耦合到外部浴室。我们介绍了混合拓扑理论的两个主要方面。首先,我们发现拓扑相变是温度t的函数,表现为在参数空间中闭合环上积累的EGP的绕组数变化。我们表征了这些过渡的性质,并揭示了过渡时相应的非平衡稳态可以表现出非平凡的结构 - 与以前发现它处于完全混合状态的研究相反。其次,我们证明当存在关键对称性时,EGP本身会量化,从而将其视为拓扑标记,可以在非零温度下进行平衡拓扑转变。
The ground states of noninteracting fermions in one-dimension with chiral symmetry form a class of topological band insulators, described by a topological invariant that can be related to the Zak phase. Recently, a generalization of this quantity to mixed states - known as the ensemble geometric phase (EGP) - has emerged as a robust way to describe topology at non-zero temperature. By using this quantity, we explore the nature of topology allowed for dissipation beyond a Lindblad description, to allow for coupling to external baths at finite temperatures. We introduce two main aspects to the theory of mixed state topology. First, we discover topological phase transitions as a function of the temperature T, manifesting as changes in winding number of the EGP accumulated over a closed loop in parameter space. We characterize the nature of these transitions and reveal that the corresponding non-equilibrium steady state at the transition can exhibit a nontrivial structure - contrary to previous studies where it was found to be in a fully mixed state. Second, we demonstrate that the EGP itself becomes quantized when key symmetries are present, allowing it to be viewed as a topological marker which can undergo equilibrium topological transitions at non-zero temperatures.