论文标题
具有不同设计时间的深度热化的可解决模型
Solvable model of deep thermalization with distinct design times
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了在有限子系统上支持的量子状态的通用，均匀分布的出现，该量子状态通过投影测量系统的其余部分而引起的量子状态。这种现象被称为深度热化，代表了量子多体系统的平衡形式，而不是常规的热化，这仅限制了可观察到的一体组合值。尽管在一个维度中存在量子电路模型，在该模型中可以证明这种现象可以准确地出现，但这些现象是特殊的，因为深层热化与常规热化完全同时发生。在这里，我们提出了一个完全可溶的混乱动力学模型，可以证明这两个过程在不同的时间尺度上发生。该模型由一个有限的子系统组成，该子系统通过较小的收缩与无限的随机矩阵浴缸耦合，并突出显示位置和不完善的热化在约束这种通用波函数分布的形成中的作用。我们测试了针对精确数值模拟的分析预测，发现了极好的一致性。
We study the emergence over time of a universal, uniform distribution of quantum states supported on a finite subsystem, induced by projectively measuring the rest of the system. Dubbed deep thermalization, this phenomenon represents a form of equilibration in quantum many-body systems stronger than regular thermalization, which only constrains the ensemble-averaged values of observables. While there exist quantum circuit models of dynamics in one dimension where this phenomenon can be shown to arise exactly, these are special in that deep thermalization occurs at precisely the same time as regular thermalization. Here, we present an exactly-solvable model of chaotic dynamics where the two processes can be shown to occur over different time scales. The model is composed of a finite subsystem coupled to an infinite random-matrix bath through a small constriction, and highlights the role of locality and imperfect thermalization in constraining the formation of such universal wavefunction distributions. We test our analytical predictions against exact numerical simulations, finding excellent agreement.
