论文标题
脉冲星云
Pulsar Wind Nebulae
论文作者
论文摘要
由能量脉冲星提供的结构，以在整个电磁光谱中的检测而闻名，脉冲星风星云（PWNE）以这些频段之间的多种形态和光谱行为而闻名。 PWN的形态和光谱的时间演变在很大程度上取决于相关中子星的特性，由其旋转能提供的相对论流出的相对论流出，周围的介质可以显着变化。由于脉冲星将电子和正电子的注入到PWN中，因此它们内部和频谱变化在其风星云中以及频谱变化反映了PWN内的磁场结构和粒子的传输。这可能包括复杂的运动，例如反向流或由于冲击相互作用而导致的湍流和对星云的破坏。在PWN进化的最后阶段，当中子恒星相对于其环境而soperson，加速粒子逃脱到周围的介质中会产生广泛的光环，这在非常高的能量伽马射线中显而易见。本章介绍了脉冲星星云通过几个进化阶段的一些识别特征和关键方面。
Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe), structures powered by energetic pulsars, are known for their detection across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, with diverse morphologies and spectral behaviour between these bands. The temporal evolution of the morphology and spectrum of a PWN depends strongly on the properties of the associated neutron star, the relativistic outflow powered by its rotational energy, and surrounding medium, and thereby can vary markedly between objects. Due the continuous, but decreasing, injection of electrons and positrons into the PWN by the pulsar, the brightness and spectral variation within and amongst their wind nebulae reflect the magnetic field structure and particle transport within the PWN. This can include complex motions such as reverse flows or turbulence due to shock interactions and disruption to the nebula. During the last stage of the PWN's evolution, when the neutron star moves supersonically with respect to its environment, the escape of accelerated particles into the surrounding medium creates an extensive halo evident in very-high-energy gamma-rays. This chapter describes some of the identifying characteristics and key aspects of pulsar wind nebulae through their several evolutionary stages.
