论文标题
布鲁塞尔效应和人工智能：欧盟法规将如何影响全球AI市场
The Brussels Effect and Artificial Intelligence: How EU regulation will impact the global AI market
论文作者
论文摘要
欧盟可能会在世界主要司法管辖区的第一个，最严格，最全面的AI监管制度中引入。在本报告中，我们询问欧盟即将对AI的法规是否会在全球范围内扩散，从而产生所谓的“布鲁塞尔效应”。在延长Anu Bradford的工作的基础上，我们概述了可能发生这种监管扩散的机制。我们认为，欧盟的AI法规会激励非欧盟国家提供的产品变化（事实上的布鲁塞尔效应），以及它将影响其他司法管辖区采用的法规（De Jure Brussels效应）的可能性。我们涉及拟议的欧盟AI法案，我们暂时得出结论，事实上和德国布鲁塞尔的效应都可能是欧盟监管制度的一部分。事实上的效果尤其可能是在具有AI ACT“高风险”的AI系统的大型美国科技公司中产生的。我们认为，即将到来的法规在提供第一个也是最具影响力的操作中，对发展和部署以可信赖或以人为本的AI的意义尤为重要。如果欧盟政权可能会看到大量的扩散，确保其精心设计成为全球重要性的问题。
The European Union is likely to introduce among the first, most stringent, and most comprehensive AI regulatory regimes of the world's major jurisdictions. In this report, we ask whether the EU's upcoming regulation for AI will diffuse globally, producing a so-called "Brussels Effect". Building on and extending Anu Bradford's work, we outline the mechanisms by which such regulatory diffusion may occur. We consider both the possibility that the EU's AI regulation will incentivise changes in products offered in non-EU countries (a de facto Brussels Effect) and the possibility it will influence regulation adopted by other jurisdictions (a de jure Brussels Effect). Focusing on the proposed EU AI Act, we tentatively conclude that both de facto and de jure Brussels effects are likely for parts of the EU regulatory regime. A de facto effect is particularly likely to arise in large US tech companies with AI systems that the AI Act terms "high-risk". We argue that the upcoming regulation might be particularly important in offering the first and most influential operationalisation of what it means to develop and deploy trustworthy or human-centred AI. If the EU regime is likely to see significant diffusion, ensuring it is well-designed becomes a matter of global importance.
