论文标题
云中分布式深度学习的分析
Analysis of Distributed Deep Learning in the Cloud
论文作者
论文摘要
我们的目标是通过引入全面的分布式深度学习(DDL)探索器来解决此问题,该探测器可以确定DDL在公共云上运行时遭受的各种执行“失速”。我们已经通过扩展先前的工作来估算两种类型的通信摊位 - 互连和网络摊位来实现剖面。我们使用Profiler培训流行的DNN模型来表征各种AWS GPU实例,并列出了它们的优势和缺点,以做出明智的决定。我们观察到,更昂贵的GPU实例可能不是所有DNN型号的性能最多,并且AWS可能会在次优的硬件互连资源分配次优。具体而言,与单个实例的培训相比,机内互连可以引入高达90%的DNN培训时间和网络连接实例的通信开销,而与网络连接的实例可能会遭受高达5倍的速度。此外,我们对DNN宏观特征的影响进行建模,例如层的数量和通信摊位上的梯度数量。最后,我们为用户提出了一个基于衡量的建议模型,以降低DDL的公共云货币成本。
We aim to resolve this problem by introducing a comprehensive distributed deep learning (DDL) profiler, which can determine the various execution "stalls" that DDL suffers from while running on a public cloud. We have implemented the profiler by extending prior work to additionally estimate two types of communication stalls - interconnect and network stalls. We train popular DNN models using the profiler to characterize various AWS GPU instances and list their advantages and shortcomings for users to make an informed decision. We observe that the more expensive GPU instances may not be the most performant for all DNN models and AWS may sub-optimally allocate hardware interconnect resources. Specifically, the intra-machine interconnect can introduce communication overheads up to 90% of DNN training time and network-connected instances can suffer from up to 5x slowdown compared to training on a single instance. Further, we model the impact of DNN macroscopic features such as the number of layers and the number of gradients on communication stalls. Finally, we propose a measurement-based recommendation model for users to lower their public cloud monetary costs for DDL, given a time budget.