论文标题
非平衡稳态内的量子动力学速率
Quantum Kinetic Rates within the Nonequilibrium Steady State
论文作者
论文摘要
量子网络的非平衡稳态（NESS）对于许多物理和生物学方案都是至关重要的。示例包括自然过程，例如视觉和光合作用，以及技术设备，例如光电器，均由不连贯的光（例如阳光）激活，并导致量子运输。在这里，提供了一种完全通用的方法，用于定义NESS中量子网络的组件，并提供了这些组件之间的过程速率。量子效应在（a）通过投影算子定义网络组件以及（b）在确定相干在速率过程中的作用方面明确包括量子效应。作为示例，将方法应用于模型案例，两个版本的V级系统以及自旋 - 波森模型，其中环境和内部系统属性在确定速率中的作用。此外，量化了马尔可夫与非马克维亚贡献的作用，暴露于可以通过扰动非平衡稳态来获得的条件。
The nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) of a quantum network is central to a host of physical and biological scenarios. Examples include natural processes such as vision and photosynthesis, as well as technical devices such as photocells, both activated by incoherent light (e.g. sunlight) and leading to quantum transport. Here, a completely general approach to defining components of a quantum network in the NESS, and obtaining rates of processes between these components is provided. Quantum effects are explicitly included throughout, both in (a) defining network components via projection operators, and (b) in determining the role of coherences in rate processes. As examples, the methodology is applied to model cases, two versions of the V-level system, and to the spin-boson model, wherein the role of the environment and of internal system properties in determining the rates is examined. In addition, the role of Markovian vs. non-Markovian contributions is quantified, exposing conditions under which NESS rates can be obtained by perturbing the nonequilibrium steady state.
