论文标题
从Juno MWR和VLA观察结果得出的氨气丰度
Ammonia Abundance Derived from Juno MWR and VLA Observations of Jupiter
论文作者
论文摘要
通过观察大气的热发射,可以获得行星大气中痕量气体的垂直分布。但是,恢复大气结构的无线电观察结果是不平凡的,解决方案是堕落的。我们提出了一个建模框架,以规定痕量气体的垂直分布,该框架结合了热化学平衡模型(基于垂直温度结构,并将这些结果与氨可能在预定义的压力节点之间变化的模型进行比较。这意味着我们从Juno微波辐射计(MWR)中检索了Nadir亮度温度和肢体变形参数以及它们的不确定性。然后,我们将此框架应用于Juno运营的第一年(Perijove通过1-12),并在使用升级的非常大的阵列(VLA)(DE Pater 2016,2019a)进行纵向平均的Latitude扫描中。我们使用该模型来限制-60 $^{\ CRICT} $和60 $^{\ CRICT} $ LATITUDE,并降至100 bar之间的氨分布。 We constrain the ammonia abundance to be $340.5^{+34.8}_{-21.2}$ ppm ($2.30^{+0.24}_{-0.14} \times$ solar abundance), and find a depletion of ammonia down to a depth of $\sim$ 20 bar, which supports the existence of processes that deplete the atmosphere below the氨和水云层。在赤道,我们发现氨的增加,而中纬度地区的区域和皮带可以追溯到大气混合良好的水平。氨气丰度的纬度变化似乎与较高高度显示的纬度变化相反,该高度支持堆叠细胞循环模型的存在。
The vertical distribution of trace gases in planetary atmospheres can be obtained with observations of the atmosphere's thermal emission. Inverting radio observations to recover the atmospheric structure, however, is non-trivial, and the solutions are degenerate. We propose a modeling framework to prescribe a vertical distribution of trace gases that combines a thermo-chemical equilibrium model {based on a vertical temperature structure and compare these results to models where ammonia can vary between pre-defined pressure nodes}. To this means we retrieve nadir brightness temperatures and limb-darkening parameters, together with their uncertainties, from the Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR). We then apply this framework to MWR observations during Juno's first year of operation (Perijove passes 1 - 12) and to longitudinally-averaged latitude scans taken with the upgraded Very Large Array (VLA) (de Pater 2016,2019a). We use the model to constrain the distribution of ammonia between -60$^{\circ}$ and 60$^{\circ}$ latitude and down to 100 bar. We constrain the ammonia abundance to be $340.5^{+34.8}_{-21.2}$ ppm ($2.30^{+0.24}_{-0.14} \times$ solar abundance), and find a depletion of ammonia down to a depth of $\sim$ 20 bar, which supports the existence of processes that deplete the atmosphere below the ammonia and water cloud layers. At the equator we find an increase of ammonia with altitude, while the zones and belts in the mid-latitudes can be traced down to levels where the atmosphere is well-mixed. The latitudinal variation in the ammonia abundance appears to be opposite to that shown at higher altitudes, which supports the existence of a stacked-cell circulation model.