论文标题
用于扁平激光频率梳光谱的全球,动态装置,用于精确校准径向速度测量
An all-photonic, dynamic device for flattening the spectrum of a laser frequency comb for precise calibration of radial velocity measurements
论文作者
论文摘要
激光频率梳子迅速成为达到最高径向速度精度至关重要的。一个缺点是整个频谱上梳子线的高度可变亮度(最多4-5个数量级)。这可能导致某些线饱和,而另一些线则处于低信号,并且在噪声中丢失。丢失这些效果中的任何一个都降低了梳子的精度和有效性。此外,梳子线的亮度可能会随时间而变化,这可能会驱动梳子线,最初合理的SNR驱动到上面描述的两个方案中。为了减轻这两种效果,激光频率梳子使用光扁平剂。 扁平机通常是散装光学设置,可将梳子灯散布在光栅上,然后使用空间灯调制器来控制整个光谱的振幅,然后再将光重组为另一个单个模式光纤并将其发送到光谱仪。这些设置可以是大的(小长椅上),昂贵(数十亿美元),并且稳定性有限。为了解决这些问题,我们已经在芯片上开发了全光谱平坦剂。该设备是由罪芯片上的光学波导构造的。来自激光频率梳子的光纤光纤的光可以直接连接到芯片,在该芯片首先使用阵列波导光栅分散光。为了控制每个通道的亮度,光线通过马切德干涉仪,然后与第二个阵列的波导光栅重新组合。在重组之前,在每个通道中使用热光相调节剂,可根据需要匹配通道。 在这里,我们介绍了第一代原型的结果。该设备在1400-1800 nm(覆盖H频段)中运行,宽度为20 nm宽。
Laser frequency combs are fast becoming critical to reaching the highest radial velocity precisions. One shortcoming is the highly variable brightness of the comb lines across the spectrum (up to 4-5 orders of magnitude). This can result in some lines saturating while others are at low signal and lost in the noise. Losing lines to either of these effects reduces the precision and hence effectiveness of the comb. In addition, the brightness of the comb lines can vary with time which could drive comb lines with initially reasonable SNR's into the two regimes described above. To mitigate these two effects, laser frequency combs use optical flattener's. Flattener's are typically bulk optic setups that disperse the comb light with a grating, and then use a spatial light modulator to control the amplitude across the spectrum before recombining the light into another single mode fiber and sending it to the spectrograph. These setups can be large (small bench top), expensive (several hundred thousand dollars) and have limited stability. To address these issues, we have developed an all-photonic spectrum flattener on a chip. The device is constructed from optical waveguides on a SiN chip. The light from the laser frequency comb's output optical fiber can be directly connected to the chip, where the light is first dispersed using an arrayed waveguide grating. To control the brightness of each channel, the light is passed through a Mach-Zehnder interferometer before being recombined with a second arrayed waveguide grating. Thermo-optic phase modulators are used in each channel before recombination to path length match the channels as needed. Here we present the results from our first generation prototype. The device operates from 1400-1800 nm (covering the H band), with 20, 20 nm wide channels.