论文标题
从预训练的模型中联合学习:一种对比学习方法
Federated Learning from Pre-Trained Models: A Contrastive Learning Approach
论文作者
论文摘要
联合学习(FL)是一种机器学习范式,允许分散的客户在不共享私人数据的情况下进行协作学习。但是,过度的计算和沟通要求对当前的FL框架构成挑战,尤其是在训练大型模型时。为了防止这些问题阻碍FL系统的部署,我们提出了一个轻巧的框架,客户共同学会融合由多个固定的预训练模型生成的表示形式,而不是从Scratch培训大型模型。这通过考虑如何从预先训练的模型中捕获更多特定于客户的信息,并共同提高每个客户利用这些现成模型的能力,从而导致我们解决了一个更实用的FL问题。在这项工作中,我们设计了一种联合原型对比度学习(FEDPCL)方法,该方法通过其类原型共享客户的知识,并以原型对比度方式构建特定于客户的表示。共享原型而不是可学习的模型参数可以使每个客户以个性化的方式融合表示表示,同时以紧凑的形式保持共享知识以进行有效的通信。我们在轻量级框架中对拟议的FEDPCL进行了彻底的评估,以测量和可视化其在流行的FL数据集上融合各种预训练模型的能力。
Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm that allows decentralized clients to learn collaboratively without sharing their private data. However, excessive computation and communication demands pose challenges to current FL frameworks, especially when training large-scale models. To prevent these issues from hindering the deployment of FL systems, we propose a lightweight framework where clients jointly learn to fuse the representations generated by multiple fixed pre-trained models rather than training a large-scale model from scratch. This leads us to a more practical FL problem by considering how to capture more client-specific and class-relevant information from the pre-trained models and jointly improve each client's ability to exploit those off-the-shelf models. In this work, we design a Federated Prototype-wise Contrastive Learning (FedPCL) approach which shares knowledge across clients through their class prototypes and builds client-specific representations in a prototype-wise contrastive manner. Sharing prototypes rather than learnable model parameters allows each client to fuse the representations in a personalized way while keeping the shared knowledge in a compact form for efficient communication. We perform a thorough evaluation of the proposed FedPCL in the lightweight framework, measuring and visualizing its ability to fuse various pre-trained models on popular FL datasets.