论文标题

用北海海上风能为欧洲提供动力:氢投资对电网基础设施和电力价格的影响

Powering Europe with North Sea Offshore Wind: The Impact of Hydrogen Investments on Grid Infrastructure and Power Prices

论文作者

Durakovic, Goran, del Granado, Pedro Crespo, Tomasgard, Asgeir

论文摘要

氢将是欧洲能源系统脱碳的中央跨部门能量载体。本文调查了大规模的绿色氢生产如何影响到2060年的传输和发电投资,分析北海地区的主要海上风力项目,并评估了离岸能源中心的开发。结果表明,氢的部署对欧洲和北海的网格发展产生了巨大影响。调查结果表明,总发电能力增加了约50%。离岸能源中心主要充当电力传输资产,导致总发电能力降低,并且是释放北海离岸风能的核心。氢部署对电价的影响是多方面的。在电价通常低于欧洲其他地方的地区,据观察,氢可以大大提高电价。但是,随着氢气灵活性缓解了高需求周期的压力,某些国家的平均电力价格会降低。这表明,虽然绿色氢的部署将导致电力需求的显着增加,但电力价格并不一定会大幅增长。

Hydrogen will be a central cross-sectoral energy carrier in the decarbonization of the European energy system. This paper investigates how a large-scale deployment of green hydrogen production affects the investments in transmission and generation towards 2060, analyzes the North Sea area with the main offshore wind projects, and assesses the development of an offshore energy hub. Results indicate that the hydrogen deployment has a tremendous impact on the grid development in Europe and in the North Sea. Findings indicate that total power generation capacity increases around 50%. The offshore energy hub acts mainly as a power transmission asset, leads to a reduction in total generation capacity, and is central to unlock the offshore wind potential in the North Sea. The effect of hydrogen deployment on power prices is multifaceted. In regions where power prices have typically been lower than elsewhere in Europe, it is observed that hydrogen increases the power price considerably. However, as hydrogen flexibility relieves stress in high-demand periods for the grid, power prices decrease in average for some countries. This suggests that while the deployment of green hydrogen will lead to a significant increase in power demand, power prices will not necessarily experience a large increase.

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