论文标题

基于批判性的量子计量学

Criticality-Based Quantum Metrology in the Presence of Decoherence

论文作者

He, Wan-Ting, Lu, Cong-Wei, Yao, Yi-Xuan, Zhu, Hai-Yuan, Ai, Qing

论文摘要

量子计量学旨在使用量子资源来提高测量的精度。量子关键性已作为一种新颖有效的资源提出。通常,基于批判性的量子计量方案通常无需谐波而起作用。在本文中,我们解决了一个问题,在接近QPT时存在噪声的情况下,倒置方差的不同特征是否确实可以实现。以量子性兔模型(QRM)为例,我们获得了倒置方差的分析结果。我们表明,由于噪声,倒置方差可能会在时间上收敛。在接近临界点时,最大倒置方差表明幂律随指数-1.2的增加而增加,其中绝对值小于无噪声情况,即2。我们还观察到最大倒置方差对弛豫率和温度的幂律依赖性和温度。由于计量学的精度对噪声非常敏感,因此,我们建议在初始状态下执行挤压操作以提高在谐波下的精度。此外,我们还研究了在两光子弛豫的影响下基于临界的计量学。与单光子松弛相反,倒置方差的量子动力学显示出完全不同的行为。相对于不同的无量纲耦合强度的重新缩放时间,它不会以相同的频率振荡。令人惊讶的是,尽管最大倒置方差仍然表现出对能隙的依赖性,但指数为正,并取决于无量纲耦合强度。该观察结果表明,在两光子松弛的情况下,关键性可能不会增强,但会削弱精度。通过两光子松弛引入的非线性性可以很好地描述它。

Quantum metrology aims to use quantum resources to improve the precision of measurement. Quantum criticality has been presented as a novel and efficient resource. Generally, protocols of criticality-based quantum metrology often work without decoherence. In this paper, we address the issue whether the divergent feature of the inverted variance is indeed realizable in the presence of noise when approaching the QPT. Taking the quantum Rabi model (QRM) as an example, we obtain the analytical result for the inverted variance. We show that the inverted variance may be convergent in time due to the noise. When approaching the critical point, the maximum inverted variance demonstrates a power-law increase with the exponent -1.2, of which the absolute value is smaller than that for the noise-free case, i.e., 2. We also observe a power-law dependence of the maximum inverted variance on the relaxation rate and the temperature. Since the precision of the metrology is very sensitive to the noise, as a remedy, we propose performing the squeezing operation on the initial state to improve the precision under decoherence. In addition, we also investigate the criticality-based metrology under the influence of the two-photon relaxation. Contrary to the single-photon relaxation, the quantum dynamics of the inverted variance shows a completely-different behavior. It does not oscillate with the same frequency with respect to the re-scaled time for different dimensionless coupling strengths. Strikingly, although the maximum inverted variance still manifests a power-law dependence on the energy gap, the exponent is positive and depends on the dimensionless coupling strength. This observation implies that the criticality may not enhance but weaken the precision in the presence of two-photon relaxation. It can be well described by the non-linearity introduced by the two-photon relaxation.

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