论文标题
苏联数学教育的Kolmogorov改革
The Kolmogorov Reform of Mathematics Education in the USSR
论文作者
论文摘要
在苏联，安德烈·科尔莫格罗夫（Andrey Kolmogorov）在1970年代触发了数学教育的改革运动，随后进行了反改革。这一运动植根于当时和地点的社会经济条件截然不同，并遵循了与美国，英格兰或法国类似计划的策略相对鲜明的对比。这提供了一个有趣的案例研究，可以阐明这种运动的出现和成功或失败的方式，并且在社会层面上是约束的某些基本共同点以及根据当地条件的重大差异。我们将表明，科尔莫戈罗夫改革失败的主要原因是政治上的：（1）改革忽略了该国社会经济状况的现实； （2）人类因素被忽略了，几乎没有关注专业发展，对整个教师的研究和方法论的帮助； （3）试图将数学内容和方法从非常成功的高级扩展流转移到数学上强大且高度参与的儿童到主流教育是一个特别严重的错误。
In the Soviet Union a reform movement in mathematics education was triggered by Andrey Kolmogorov in the 1970s, and followed by a counter-reform. This movement was rooted in the very different socioeconomic conditions of that time and place, and followed a strategy with very significant contrasts to similar programs in the USA, England, or France. This provides an interesting case study which may illuminate the way such movements arise and succeed or fail, and, at the social level, certain fundamental commonalities of constraints as well as significant differences according to local conditions. We shall show that the principal reasons of the failure of the Kolmogorov reform were political: (1) The reform ignored the reality of the socio-economic conditions of the country; (2) The human factor was ignored, and very little attention was given to professional development and retraining of, and methodological help to, the whole army of teachers; (3) An attempt to transfer mathematical content and methods from the highly successful advanced extension stream for mathematically strong and highly engaged children to mainstream education was an especially grievous error.
