论文标题

大量半分析星系模拟中的热和电源历史

Thermal and Reionisation History within a Large-Volume Semi-Analytic Galaxy Formation Simulation

论文作者

Balu, Sreedhar, Greig, Bradley, Qiu, Yisheng, Power, Chris, Qin, Yuxiang, Mutch, Simon, Wyithe, J. Stuart B.

论文摘要

我们使用Meraxes半分析星系形成和重新离子化模型预测21-CM全局信号和功率谱,并更新为包括X射线加热和播层间介质的热演化。使用半分析模型(例如Meraxes)研究星系的形成和演化以及宇宙氢的回报,需要大量和高质量分辨率内的N体模拟。为此,我们使用侧面长度$ 210〜H^{ - 1} $ MPC的模拟,$ 4320^3 $颗粒解决暗物质光环至$ 5 \ times10^8〜h^{ - 1} 〜m_ m_ \ odot $。为了达到原子冷却星系的质量解决,被认为是导致回报的主要人群,在$ z = 20 $ of $ \ sim 2 \ sim 2 \ sim 10 \ times10^7〜h^{ - 1} 〜m_ \ odot $,我们使用Dark dark Forest Monte-Monte-Carlo carlo carlo carlo cor algorith algorithm($ a aft age a a g a g y a $ nim a $ nim nim nike n of a ch $ a $ nim age a g y $ nim $ a $ nim a $ nim a $ nim a $ a $ a $使用这种增强模拟,我们探讨了质量分辨率对预测的电源历史的影响,以及X射线加热对21-CM全球信号和21-CM功率谱的影响。我们还探索了$ 70^{3} $ $ $ h^{ - 3} $ mpc $^3 $ sub-volumes的21厘米统计信息的宇宙差异。我们发现,电源的中点因$Δz\ sim0.8 $而变化,并且功率谱的宇宙差异被低估了$ 2-4 $ $ 2-4 $ at $ k \ sim 0.1-0.4 $ mpc $^{ - 1} $,这是由于21 cm信号的非高斯性质而引起的。据我们所知,这项工作代表了回报和星系形成的第一个模型,该模型可以解决低质量原子冷却的星系,同时对探索早期宇宙中X射线效果所需的足够大的尺度进行了足够大的尺度。

We predict the 21-cm global signal and power spectra during the Epoch of Reionisation using the MERAXES semi-analytic galaxy formation and reionisation model, updated to include X-ray heating and thermal evolution of the intergalactic medium. Studying the formation and evolution of galaxies together with the reionisation of cosmic hydrogen using semi-analytic models (such as MERAXES) requires N-body simulations within large volumes and high mass resolutions. For this, we use a simulation of side-length $210~h^{-1}$ Mpc with $4320^3$ particles resolving dark matter haloes to masses of $5\times10^8~h^{-1}~M_\odot$. To reach the mass resolution of atomically cooled galaxies, thought to be the dominant population contributing to reionisation, at $z=20$ of $\sim 2\times10^7~h^{-1}~M_\odot$, we augment this simulation using the DARKFOREST Monte-Carlo merger tree algorithm (achieving an effective particle count of $\sim10^{12}$). Using this augmented simulation we explore the impact of mass resolution on the predicted reionisation history as well as the impact of X-ray heating on the 21-cm global signal and the 21-cm power spectra. We also explore the cosmic variance of 21-cm statistics within $70^{3}$ $h^{-3}$ Mpc$^3$ sub-volumes. We find that the midpoint of reionisation varies by $Δz\sim0.8$ and that the cosmic variance on the power spectrum is underestimated by a factor of $2-4$ at $k\sim 0.1-0.4$ Mpc$^{-1}$ due to the non-Gaussian nature of the 21-cm signal. To our knowledge, this work represents the first model of both reionisation and galaxy formation which resolves low-mass atomically cooled galaxies while simultaneously sampling sufficiently large scales necessary for exploring the effects of X-rays in the early Universe.

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