论文标题
超级质量和恒星质量黑洞合并诱导的乳乳外中微子发射
Extragalactic neutrino emission induced by Supermassive and Stellar Mass Black Hole mergers
论文作者
论文摘要
Ligo和处女座合作对二元恒星质量黑洞合并的最新检测表明，此类合并是常见的情况。星系合并进一步表明，星系中心的超质量黑洞也合并，通常有望在其一生中至少有一次合并，也许有很多。在存在喷气机的情况下，这些合并几乎总是伴随着喷气方向的变化和连接的喷射进液运动，从而导致射流与环境物质的相互作用，并产生非常高的能量颗粒，从而导致高能伽马射线和中微子。在这项工作中，我们研究了这些合并可能是由Icecube中微子观测值测量的弥漫性天体中微子通量的来源的可能性。计算中的主要自由参数涉及合并的频率以及从重力释放的能量转移到中微子的能量的比例。我们表明，SMBBHS的合并费率必须位于$ \ sim 10^{ - 7} $和$ 10^{ - 5} $ gpc $^{ - 3} $ yr $^{ - 1} $之间。在此类合并期间，能量与中微子的比率在于$ \ sim 10^{ - 6} -3 \ cdot 10^{ - 4} $之间。 For stellar mass BBH mergers, the rate needs to be $\sim 10-100$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ and the expected ratio of neutrino to gravitational wave energy lies in a comparable range as for SMBBHs, $\sim 2 \cdot 10^{-5} - 10^{-3}$.这些值位于合理的参数范围内，因此中微子在检测到的中微子通量水平上的产生是现实的可能性。
The recent detections of binary stellar mass black hole mergers by the LIGO and Virgo Collaborations suggest that such mergers are common occurrences. Galaxy mergers further indicate that supermassive black holes in centers of galaxies also merge and are typically expected to have had at least one merger in their lifetime, possibly many. In the presence of a jet, these mergers are almost always accompanied by a change of the jet direction and a connected jet precession motion, leading to interactions of the jet with ambient matter and producing very high-energy particles, and consequently high-energy gamma-rays and neutrinos. In this work, we investigate the possibility under which conditions such mergers could be the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux measured by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The main free parameters in the calculation concern the frequency of the mergers and the fraction of energy that is transferred from the gravitationally released energy to neutrinos. We show that the merger rate for SMBBHs must lie between $\sim 10^{-7}$ and $10^{-5}$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$. The ratio of energy going to neutrinos during such mergers lies then between $\sim 10^{-6} - 3\cdot 10^{-4}$. For stellar mass BBH mergers, the rate needs to be $\sim 10-100$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ and the expected ratio of neutrino to gravitational wave energy lies in a comparable range as for SMBBHs, $\sim 2 \cdot 10^{-5} - 10^{-3}$. These values lie in a reasonable parameter range, so that the production of neutrinos at the level of the detected neutrino flux is a realistic possibility.
