论文标题
TrustBoost:增强可互操作区块链之间的信任
TrustBoost: Boosting Trust among Interoperable Blockchains
论文作者
论文摘要
目前存在许多具有弱信任保证的区块链,限制了应用程序和参与。现有的解决方案可以使用更强的区块链(例如,通过检查点)提高信任,这需要较弱的区块链放弃主权。在本文中,我们提出了一个协议系列,其中多个区块链相互作用以创建与Boosted Trust的组合分类帐。我们表明,即使几个交互区块链不再提供安全保证,联合分类帐仍然是安全的 - 我们的Trustboost协议达到了容忍不安全区块链的最佳阈值。这种最优性以及区块链相互作用的必要性在经典的共享内存模型中正式显示,在存在拜占庭对象和过程的情况下,解决了解决共识的长期开放挑战。此外,我们提议的TrustBoost的构建只是通过智能合约运行,不需要更改参与区块链的基本共识协议,这是``在共识之上达成共识''的一种形式。协议是轻巧的,可用于特定(例如,高价值)交易;我们通过使用大约3,000行的锈蚀代码作为开放源代码,将TrustBoost作为跨链生态系统中的跨链智能合约作为跨链智能合约来证明实用性。我们的评估表明,在本地测试网中使用10个宇宙链,TrustBoost的气体成本约为2美元,每个请求的延迟为2分钟,这与高安全性链中的成本(例如比特币或以太坊)一致。
Currently there exist many blockchains with weak trust guarantees, limiting applications and participation. Existing solutions to boost the trust using a stronger blockchain, e.g., via checkpointing, requires the weaker blockchain to give up sovereignty. In this paper, we propose a family of protocols in which multiple blockchains interact to create a combined ledger with boosted trust. We show that even if several of the interacting blockchains cease to provide security guarantees, the combined ledger continues to be secure - our TrustBoost protocols achieve the optimal threshold of tolerating the insecure blockchains. This optimality, along with the necessity of blockchain interactions, is formally shown within the classic shared memory model, tackling the long standing open challenge of solving consensus in the presence of both Byzantine objects and processes. Furthermore, our proposed construction of TrustBoost simply operates via smart contracts and require no change to the underlying consensus protocols of the participating blockchains, a form of ``consensus on top of consensus''. The protocols are lightweight and can be used on specific (e.g., high value) transactions; we demonstrate the practicality by implementing and deploying TrustBoost as cross-chain smart contracts in the Cosmos ecosystem using approximately 3,000 lines of Rust code, made available as open source. Our evaluation shows that using 10 Cosmos chains in a local testnet, TrustBoost has a gas cost of roughly $2 with a latency of 2 minutes per request, which is in line with the cost on a high security chain such as Bitcoin or Ethereum