论文标题

迈向原始重力波的雷神辐射的可靠计算

Towards a reliable calculation of relic radiation from primordial gravitational waves

论文作者

Giarè, William, Forconi, Matteo, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Melchiorri, Alessandro

论文摘要

通货膨胀引力波在早期宇宙中表现为额外的辐射,可以通过进一步的校正来增加相对论物种($ n _ {\ rm eff} $)的有效数量,该校正取决于在所有尺度上重力波的综合能量密度。这种效应通常用于根据大爆炸核合成所产生的边界来限制(蓝倾斜)通货膨胀模型。在本文中,我们重新计算了这一贡献,讨论了最先进的分析的一些警告。通过参数研究,我们首先证明了计算由积分的紫外线频率支配,因此,当对应于非常接近通胀末端的模式的量表上的张量频谱的行为,当慢速动力学分解,而重力浪潮的产生变得强烈模型依赖性。在这些结果的推动下,我们实现了理论上的蒙特卡洛,并在有效的通货膨胀理论的框架内工作,我们研究了对非常广泛模型的可观察到的预测。对于每个模型,我们求解了一个耦合微分方程的系统,该系统的解决方案完全指定了频谱的演变,直到通货膨胀结束。我们证明了$δn_ {\ rm eff}^{\ rm gw} $的计算非常依赖于模型,因此得出的结论是,需要准确的分析来推断有关通货膨胀的可靠信息。

Inflationary gravitational waves, behaving as additional radiation in the Early Universe, can increase the effective number of relativistic species ($N_{\rm eff}$) by a further correction that depends on the integrated energy-density in gravitational waves over all scales. This effect is typically used to constrain (blue-tilted) models of inflation in light of the bounds resulting from the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. In this paper, we recompute this contribution, discussing some caveats of the state-of-the-art analyses. Through a parametric investigation, we first demonstrate that the calculation is dominated by the ultraviolet frequencies of the integral and therefore by the behavior of the tensor spectrum on scales corresponding to modes that cross the horizon very close to the end of inflation, when the slow-roll dynamics breaks down and the production of gravitational waves becomes strongly model dependent. Motivated by these results, we realize a theoretical Monte Carlo and, working within the framework of the Effective Field Theory of inflation, we investigate the observable predictions of a very broad class of models. For each model, we solve a system of coupled differential equations whose solution completely specifies the evolution of the spectrum up to the end of inflation. We prove the calculation of $ΔN_{\rm eff}^{\rm GW}$ to be remarkably model-dependent and therefore conclude that accurate analyses are needed to infer reliable information on the inflationary Universe.

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