论文标题
磁场中的水和尿素溶液蒸发;核异构体的作用
Evaporation of water and urea solution in a magnetic field; the role of nuclear isomers
论文作者
论文摘要
假设。矫正水和帕拉水是两个核异构体,其中氢质子对齐以总核自旋为0或1。在新鲜蒸发的水蒸气中缓慢建立了3:1的平衡比,然后这些异构体以其自身的压力表现出不同的气体。磁场引起的矫形器预计会改变蒸发率。 实验。在有或没有500 mt磁场的情况下同时监测去离子水的烧杯和6 m尿素溶液的蒸发,同时进行1至60小时的蒸发,同时记录环境温度和湿度。与两个烧杯的平衡被屏蔽在同一有机玻璃容器中。在两年内进行了许多跑步。 发现。发现水的蒸发率在田间增加了12%,但尿素溶液中水的蒸发率降低了28 6%。有两个效果在起作用。一种是将相邻质子在田间梯度中的水分子上的larmor进动作用,这倾向于使异构体群体均衡。另一个是Lorentz对移动电荷偶极子的应力,这可能会增加异构体的比例。从对蒸发的时间和野外依赖性的分析,我们从水中推断出新鲜蒸气中的39%,而尿素的新鲜蒸气中有60%。
Hypothesis. Ortho and para water are the two nuclear isomers where the hydrogen protons align to give a total nuclear spin of 0 or 1.The equilibrium ratio of 3:1 is established slowly in freshly evaporated water vapour and the isomers then behave distinct gasses, with their own partial pressures. Magnetic-field-induced ortho to para transformations are expected to alter the evaporation rate. Experiment. Evaporation from beakers of deionized water and a 6 M solution of urea is monitored simultaneously for periods from 1 to 60 hours with and without a 500 mT magnetic field, while logging the ambient temperature and humidity. The balances with the two beakers are shielded in the same Perspex container. Many runs have been conducted over a two-year period. Findings. The evaporation rate of water is found to increase by 12 % of in the field but that of water in urea solution decreases by 28 6 %. Two effects are at play. One is dephasing of the Larmor precession of adjacent protons on a water molecule in a field gradient, which tends to equalize the isomer populations. The other is Lorentz stress on the moving charge dipole, which can increase the proportion of the ortho isomer. From analysis of the time and field dependence of the evaporation, we infer an ortho fraction of 39 % in fresh vapour from water and 60 % in fresh vapour from urea.