论文标题
光束变化对21厘米宇宙学的功率谱估计的影响:HERA前景污染的模拟
The Impact of Beam Variations on Power Spectrum Estimation for 21-cm Cosmology I: Simulations of Foreground Contamination for HERA
论文作者
论文摘要
从电离时期(EOR)检测宇宙学信号需要高精度校准才能将宇宙学信号从前景发射中分离出来。在无线电干涉仪中,天线元件的扰动初级光束会破坏精确的校准,从而在圆柱平均功率谱中污染无前景区域或EOR窗口。对于回离阵列(HERA)的氢时代,我们通过14米盘上方的轴向,侧面和倾斜运动(例如轴向,侧向和倾斜运动)诱导的扰动的原代光束进行了模拟和表征。为了了解扰动光束的效果,可见性测量值是用两个不同的前景组件,点源和弥漫源建模的,我们发现不同的进料运动对每种类型的天空源都有不同的反应。在存在非冗余天线束的情况下,Hera的冗余 - 基线校准导致饲料运动引起的增益溶液中的色差误差,从而在EOR窗口中产生前景功率泄漏。垂直进料运动的观察到的泄漏主要来自Zenith周围的点源。此外,观察到的水平和倾斜进料运动的泄漏主要来自地平线附近的弥漫组件。对于以最小的前景偏见来稳健地检测EOR信号将需要缓解色彩误差,这将在随后的论文中进行讨论。
Detecting cosmological signals from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) requires high-precision calibration to isolate the cosmological signals from foreground emission. In radio interferometery, perturbed primary beams of antenna elements can disrupt the precise calibration, which results in contaminating the foreground-free region, or the EoR window, in the cylindrically averaged power spectrum. For Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), we simulate and characterize the perturbed primary beams induced by feed motions such as axial, lateral, and tilting motions, above the 14-meter dish. To understand the effect of the perturbed beams, visibility measurements are modeled with two different foreground components, point sources and diffuse sources, and we find different feed motions present a different reaction to each type of sky source. HERA's redundant-baseline calibration in the presence of non-redundant antenna beams due to feed motions introduces chromatic errors in gain solutions, which produces foreground power leakage into the EoR window. The observed leakage from vertical feed motions comes predominately from point sources around zenith. Furthermore, the observed leakage from horizontal and tilting feed motion comes predominately from the diffuse components near the horizon. Mitigation of chromatic gain errors will be necessary for robust detection of the EoR signals with minimal foreground bias, and this will be discussed in the subsequent paper.