论文标题
量子光学中梁分离器的理论：光子的量子纠缠及其统计，HOM效应
Theory for the beam splitter in quantum optics: quantum entanglement of photons and their statistics, HOM effect
论文作者
论文摘要
量子光学中的梁分离器（BS）的理论是良好发展的，并且基于相当简单的数学和物理基础。该理论是针对任何类型的BS开发的，是基于反射系数$ r $（或传输系数，其中$ r+t = 1 $）和相移$ ϕ $的恒定的。最近已经证明，对于波导BS，这些系数的恒定性不能总是满足，其中$ r $和$ ϕ $以特殊方式取决于光子频率。基于此，这篇综述将量子光学中BS的概念系统化为``常规''和频率依赖性BS的概念，并提出了这种BS的理论。结果表明，此类BS的量子纠缠，输出端口的光子统计以及Hong-Ou-mandel（HOM）效应可能会大不相同。考虑到波导BS目前由于其微型化的可能性而在量子技术中发挥重要作用的事实，此综述不仅对理论家，而且对实验者都有用。
The theory of the beam splitter (BS) in quantum optics is well developed and based on fairly simple mathematical and physical foundations. This theory has been developed for any type of BS and is based on the constancy of the reflection coefficients $R$ (or the transmission coefficient, where $R+T=1$) and the phase shift $ϕ$. It has recently been shown that the constancy of these coefficients cannot always be satisfied for a waveguide BS, where $R$ and $ϕ$ depend in a special way on photon frequencies. Based on this, this review systematizes the concept of BS in quantum optics into ``Conventional'' and frequency-dependent BS, and also presents the theory of such BS. It is shown that the quantum entanglement, photon statistics at the output ports, and the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect for such BS can be very different. Taking into account the fact that the waveguide BS is currently acquiring an important role in quantum technologies due to the possibility of its miniaturization, this review will be useful not only for theoreticians, but also for experimenters.
