论文标题
嵌入在环境中的量子系统中操作员尺寸增长的动态过渡
Dynamical Transition of Operator Size Growth in Quantum Systems Embedded in an Environment
论文作者
论文摘要
在封闭的通用多体系统中，单一进化将局部量子信息分散到高度非本地物体中，从而导致热化。这样的过程称为信息争夺，其迅速是通过操作员的尺寸增长来量化的。但是，对于嵌入在环境中的量子系统，与环境的耦合如何影响信息争夺任务的过程。在这里，我们预测量子系统的动态跃迁，其全部相互作用伴随着一个环境，该环境将两个阶段分开。在耗散阶段，随着操作员的尺寸随着时间的流逝而逐渐衰落，信息停止了，而在争夺阶段，信息的分散持续存在，并且操作员的尺寸会增长并饱和至$ o（n）$值，以长期限制，$ n $ $ n $的系统自由度。过渡是由系统内在和环境之间的竞争推动的炒作与环境引起的耗散的竞争。我们的预测是从基于流行病学模型的一般参数得出的，并通过可解决的Brownian Syk模型在分析上证明了这一点。我们提供了进一步的证据，表明当耦合到环境时，过渡是对量子混沌系统的通用。我们的研究阐明了在存在环境下量子系统的基本行为。
In closed generic many-body systems, unitary evolution disperses local quantum information into highly non-local objects, resulting in thermalization. Such a process is called information scrambling, whose swiftness is quantified by the operator size growth. However, for quantum systems embedded in an environment, how the couplings to the environment affect the process of information scrambling quests revelation. Here we predict a dynamical transition in quantum systems with all-to-all interactions accompanied by an environment, which separates two phases. In the dissipative phase, information scrambling halts as the operator size decays with time, while in the scrambling phase, dispersion of information persists and the operator size grows and saturates to an $O(N)$ value in the long-time limit with $N$ the number of degrees of freedom of the systems. The transition is driven by the competition between the system intrinsic and environment propelled scramblings and the environment induced dissipation. Our prediction is derived from a general argument based on epidemiological models and demonstrated analytically via solvable Brownian SYK models. We provide further evidence which suggests that the transition is generic to quantum chaotic systems when coupled to an environment. Our study sheds light on the fundamental behavior of quantum systems in the presence of an environment.
