论文标题

单粒和纠缠量位的几何可视化

Geometric Visualizations of Single and Entangled Qubits

论文作者

Chang, Li-Heng Henry, Roccaforte, Shea, Xu, Ziyu, Cadden-Zimansky, Paul

论文摘要

Bloch球的可视化单个量子位的可能状态已证明是一种有用的教学和概念工具,是量子状态和3-D空间中点之间的一对一地图。但是,了解许多量子力学的许多重要概念,例如纠缠,都需要开发有关最少两个量子位的状态的直觉,这些状态将一对一的一对一映射到6个维度和更高较高的不可诉状的空间。在本文中,我们通过创建1个Qubit Systems的子空间的地图来规避此可视化问题,这些系统在其几何形状中进行了定量和定性地编码这些状态的属性。对于1 Quibit情况,子空间方法允许以基于基础独立的方式可视化混合状态与不同的测量选择的关系,以及如何以简单图中的长度从长度中的密度矩阵表示中读取条目。对于2 Q Qubit的情况,2 Qubit状态的环形图阐明了状态空间的非平凡拓扑,同时允许一个人同时读取距离和角度,距离和角度的纠缠水平及其组成量的混合状态的纠缠水平。通过几乎不需要数学形式主义的量子逻辑门来编码状态及其发展,这些地图可能被证明对于理解量子力学和量子信息的基本概念特别有用。本文介绍的可视化版本的交互式版本可在https://quantum.bard.edu/上获得。

The Bloch Sphere visualization of the possible states of a single qubit has proved a useful pedagogical and conceptual tool as a one-to-one map between qubit states and points in a 3-D space. However, understanding many important concepts of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement, requires developing intuitions about states with a minimum of two qubits, which map one-to-one to unvisualizable spaces of 6 dimensions and higher. In this paper we circumvent this visualization issue by creating maps of subspaces of 1- and 2-qubit systems that quantitatively and qualitatively encode properties of these states in their geometries. For the 1-qubit case, the subspace approach allows one to visualize how mixed states relate to different choices of measurement in a basis-independent way and how to read off the entries in a density matrix representation of these states from lengths in a simple diagram. For the 2-qubit case, a toroidal map of 2-qubit states illuminates the non-trivial topology of the state space while allowing one to simultaneously read off, in distances and angles, the level of entanglement in the 2-qubit state and the mixed-state properties of its constituent qubits. By encoding states and their evolutions through quantum logic gates with little to no need of mathematical formalism, these maps may prove particularly useful for understanding fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics and quantum information at the introductory level. Interactive versions of the visualizations introduced in this paper are available at https://quantum.bard.edu/.

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