GREEN ECONOMY AND TRADE 1 GREEN ECONOMY & TRADEE-LEARNING COURSE MODULE 3a © World Bank/ Chor Sokunthea Copyright © United Nations Institute for Training and Research, 2016, on behalf of PAGE The report is published as part of the Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE) – an initiative by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The PAGE Secretariat would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the PAGE Secretariat. Course authors Jorge E. Viñuales, University of Cambridge, Harold Samuel Professor of Law and Environmental Policy Director, Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance (C-EENRG) Contributors Giuliano Montanari, Maya Valcheva, Amrei Horstbrink (UNITAR), Lennart Kuntze, T aylor Clayton, Anja von Moltke (UN Environment), Gregg Cornelius, Bolormaa Tumurchudur-Klok, Olga Strietska-Ilina (ILO). Citation PAGE (2016), Green Economy and Trade E-Learning Course, Module 3A Disclaimer This publication has been produced with the support of PAGE funding partners. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of PAGE and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of any Government. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the PAGE partners concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the PAGE partners, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Acknowledgements PAGE gratefully acknowledges the support of all its funding partners: European Union, Germany, Finland, Norway, Republic of Korea, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Arab Emirates. Designed by Pilar Lagos Photo credits Unless stated otherwise, the photos used are under a Creative Commons license.Page promotes environmentally sound practices globally and in its own activities. This publication is printed on 100% recycled paper.TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 AGRICULTURE, TRADE, AND THE GREEN ECONOMY2 SEIZING TRADE OPPORTUNITIES IN THE GREEN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR PAGE 15 PAGE 7 1.1 The agricultural sector, trade, and the environment 8 1.2 The benefits of greening agriculture 92.1 Sustainable agriculture 15 2.2 Certified products 16 2.3 Organic agriculture 16 2.4 Related products and services 173 TAKING ACTION TO INCREASE TRADE IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE 4 COUNTRY-LEVEL CASE STUDY: SHIFT TO ORGANIC FARMING IN SOUTH AFRICA PAGE 19 PAGE 25 3.1 Overview 19 3.2 Enabling conditions 20 Shifting public investment 21 3.3 Measures that help promote sustainable agricultural trade 23Key Learning Points 29 Resources 30ACRONYMS 10YFP 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production patterns AoA Agreement on Agriculture B2B Business-to-business B2C Business-to-consumers CADO Consortium of Agro-Artisanal Organic Sweets COCOBOD Ghana Cocoa Board CRACYP Network Corpor