Report Documentation PageForm Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for r eviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden es timate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a pen alty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 2011 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2011 to 00-00-2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Current State Of Military Hybrid Vehicle Development 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) US Army TARDEC,RDTA-RS, MS-159, 6501 East 11 Mile Road,Warren,MI,48397 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Int. J. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2011,Government or Federal Purpose Rights License 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Same as Report (SAR) 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 20 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT unclassified b. ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Int. J. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2011 369 Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. Current state of military hybrid vehicle development Denise M. Kramer* US Army TARDEC, RDTA-RS, MS-159, 6501 East 11 Mile Road, Warren, Michigan 48397-0001, USA E-mail: dmkramer@mtu.edu *Corresponding author Gordon G. Parker Mechanical Engineering – Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, 815 R.L. Smith Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA E-mail: ggparker@mtu.edu Abstract: Hybrid vehicles are common in the marketplace for passenger cars and commercial applications such as deliv ery trucks and transit busses. One of the biggest justifications for hybrids is th eir fuel efficiency. With fuel costs as high as $100 per litre in the battle field it is remarkable that there are no deployed hybrid military vehicles. This is not due to a lack of investment in research and development, since much work has been done. The goal of this survey paper is to summarise past research in both the commercial and government sectors towards achieving a mi litary hybrid vehicle and provide recommendations for a path forward. Special attention is given to drive cycles and the unique requirements that impact military hybrid vehicle design. Keywords: hybrid vehicle; military. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kramer, D.M. and Parker, G.G. (2011) ‘Current state of military hybrid vehicle development’, Int. J. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles , Vol. 3, No. 4, pp.369–387. Biographical notes: Denise M. Kramer joined the Powertrain Modeling and Simulation Team at the US Army Tank Automotive Research and Development Engineering Center (TARDE C) as a Mechanical Engineer in 2008. She obtained her BS and MS degr ees, both in Mechanical Engineering from Wayne State University in D