400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A. Tel: (724) 776-4841 Fax: (724) 776-5760 Web: www.sae.org SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2003-01-2287 Investigation of High-Energy and High-Power Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Military Vehicle Application Yimin Gao, H. Moghbelli and M. Ehsani Texas A&M University George Frazier and John Kajs Science Applications In ternational Cooperation Stephen Bayne Army Research Laboratory Reprinted From: Hybrid Vehicl e and Energy Storage Technologies (SP-1789) Future Transportation Technology Conference Costa Mesa, California June 23-25, 2003Downloaded from SAE International by University of Minnesota, Wednesday, August 01, 2018All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,without the prior written permission of SAE. For permission and licensing requests contact: SAE Permissions 400 Commonwealth DriveWarrendale, PA 15096-0001-USAEmail: permissions@sae.orgFax: 724-772-4891Tel: 724-772-4028 For multiple print copies contact: SAE Customer ServiceTel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-776-1615Email: Customer Service@sae.org ISSN 0148-7191Copyright © 2003 SAE International Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. A process is available by which discussions will be printed with the pap er if it is publishe d in SAE Transactions. Persons wishing to submit papers to be considered for presentation or publication by SAE should send themanuscript or a 300 word abstract of a proposed manuscript to: Secretary, Engineering Meetings Board, SAE. Printed in USADownloaded from SAE International by University of Minnesota, Wednesday, August 01, 2018ABSTRACT Military and civilian vehicles are moving towards more electrification, in response to the increasing demand for multi-mode missions, fuel consumption and emissions reduction, and dual use electrical and electronic components. Consequently, the vehicle electric load is increasing rapidly. For military vehicles, these electrical loads include: the loads for electric traction (EV and HEV), cabin climate conditioning, vehicle control and actuation, actuation by wire (X by wire), sensors, reconnaissance, communications, weapons etc. All these requirements need to be supported by an efficient, fast responding and high capacity energy storage system. The electric load of a vehicle can be decomposed into two components--- static and dynamic loads. The static component is slowly varying power with limited magnitude, whereas the dynamic load is fast varying power with large magnitude. The energy storage system, accordingly, comprises of two basic elements. One is energy source to support the static load and other is a power source to support the dynamic load. A smart combination of the available energy storages, which have different characteristics, may result in a high performance energy storage system. INTRODUCTION It is widely agreed that vehicle electrification will lead to revolutionary improvements on vehicle performance, energy resource conservation and pollution emissions. High quality energy storage system is one of the most crucial components. Compared to civilian vehicles, military vehicles have some specific requirements, such as high power demand for hill climbing, obstacle negotiation, battlefield cross country and hard acceleration, and high energy storage to support some special operation, such as silent sneak operation, salience watch and low signature operation. The harsh operation environments of military vehicles also needs the energy storage to possess good environment adoptability, especially ambient temperature. Military vehicle need the energy storage to possess both the high specific