SAE TECHNICAL PA PER SERIES Frictional Performance Test for Transmission and Drive Train Oils Charles H. Rogers and Barry L. Post Caterpillar Inc. BRARY The Engineering Society mA Ad,,,, M~bi,ity and Sea ~ir and spacem International Congress and Exposition Detroit, Michigan February 25-March 1,1991 400 COMMONWEALTH DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A. Downloaded from SAE International by Columbia Univ, Monday, August 20, 2018The appearance of the ISSN code at the bottom of this page indicates SAE's consent that copies of the paper may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. Thisconsent isgivenon thecondition, however,thatthecopier pay a$5.00 per article copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Operations Center, 27 Congress St., Salem, MA 01 970 for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. SAE routinely stocks printed papers for a period of three years following date of publication. Direct your orders to SAE Customer Service Department. To obtain quantity reprint rates, permission to reprint a technical paper or permission to use copyrighted SAE publications in other works, contact the SAE Publications Group. All SAE papem, standards and selected boOkZ are abstractad and Indexed m me SAE G-1 Mobrl~ly Database No part of this publication may by reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISSN 0148-7191 Copyright 1991 Society of Automotlve Engineers, Inc. Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. A process is available by which discussions will be printed with the paper if it is published in SAE transactions. For permission to publish this paper in full or in part, contact the SAE Publications Division. Persons wishing to submit papers to be considered for presentation or publication through SAE should send the manuscript or a 300 word abstract of a proposed manuscript to: Secretary, Engineering Activity Board. SAE. Printed in USA Downloaded from SAE International by Columbia Univ, Monday, August 20, 2018Frictional Performance Test for Transmission and Drive Train Oils Charles H. Rogers and Barry L. Post Caterpillar Inc. ABSTRACT Lubricating oil affects the performance of friction materials in transmission, steering and brake systems. The TO-2 Test measured friction retention characteristics of lubri- cating oils used with sintered bronze friction discs. This paper introduces a new friction performance test for drive train lubricants that will be used to support Caterpillar's new transmission and drive train fluid require- ments, TO-4, which measures static and dynamic friction, wear, and energy capacity for six friction materials, and replaces the TO-2 test. The new test device to be introduced is an oil cooled, single-faced clutch in the Link Engineering Co. MI158 Oil/Friction Test Machine. PURPOSE To introduce a test procedure and device for measuring frictional characteristics of oils with various friction materials (and establish performance limits) as a part of the requirements for transmission and drive train oils which will be called TO-4 oils. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND - It is widely recognized that lubricating oil can significantly affect the performance of friction materials used in transmission, steering and brake systems. Typically, the oils classified as transmission fluids contain friction modifiers to reduce low speed friction (I)*. Drive train systems for TO-4 oils, however, are designed to use trans- mission fluids without friction modifiers-- relying on several different