Facing Facts Best Practices for Common Uses of Facial Recognition Technologies Federal Trade Commission | October 2012Contents Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II . Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. Face Facts Workshop ............................................ 3 1 . Recent advances in facial recognition technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 . Current commercial uses of facial recognition technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 . Possible future uses of facial recognition technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 . Privacy concerns raised by current and possible future uses of facial recognition technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 B. Public Comments .............................................. 8 III . General Themes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 IV . Case Studies on Common Commercial Uses of Facial Recognition Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Case Study #1: Facial Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Case Study #2: Detection or Recognition of Demographic Characteristics in Digital Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Case Study #3: Facial Recognition in Online Social Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 V . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Dissenting Statement of Commissioner J . Thomas Rosch . . . . . . . A1 This report is available online at http://www.ftc.gov/os/2012/10/121022facialtechrpt.pdf. The online version of this report contains live hyperlinks. i An FTC Staff Report Executive Summary “John Anderton… You could use a Guinness right about now.” – Scene from the film Minority Report depicting use of biometric technology to target individualized ads1 In the 2002 film Minority Report, Steven Spielberg imagined a world in which companies use biometric technology to identify us and serve us targeted ads. Ten years later, that vision is coming closer to reality. Having overcome the high costs and poor accuracy that once stunted its growth, one form of biometric technology – facial recognition – is quickly moving out of the realm of science fiction and into the commercial marketplace. Today, companies are deploying facial recognition technologies in a wide array of contexts, reflecting a spectrum of increasing technological sophistication. At the simplest level, the technology can be used for facial detection; that is, merely to detect and locate a face in a photo. Current uses of facial detection include refining search engine results to include only those results that contain a face; locating faces in images in order to blur them; ensuring that the frame for a video chat feed actually includes a face; or developing virtual eyeglass fitting systems and virtual makeover tools that allow consumers to upload their photos online and “try on” a pair of glasses or a new hairstyle. A more refined version of facial recognition technology allows companies to assess characteristics of facial images. For instance, companies can identify moods or emotions from facial expressions to determine a player’s engagement with a video game or a viewer’s excitement during a movie. Companies can also place cameras into digital signs to determine the demographic characteristics of a face – such as age range and gender – and deliver tar geted advertisements in real-time in retail spaces. In the most advanced application, companies can use the technology to compare individuals’ facial characteristics across different images in order to ident