About Recorded Future Recorded Future is the world’s largest intelligence company. The Recorded Future Intelligence Platform provides the most complete coverage across adversaries, infrastructure, and targets. By combining persistent and pervasive automated data collection and analytics with human analysis, Recorded Future provides real-time visibility into the vast digital landscape and empowers clients to take proactive action to disrupt adversaries and keep their people, systems, and infrastructure safe. Headquartered in Boston with offices and employees around the world, Recorded Future works with more than 1,400 businesses and government organizations across 60 countries. recordedfuture.comForeword by Christopher Ahlberg, Ph.D.Cover and Design by Lucas Clauser The Intelligence Handbook Fourth Edition A Roadmap for Building an Intelligence-Led Security Program The Intelligence Handbook , Fourth Edition Published by: CyberEdge Group, LLC 1997 Annapolis Exchange Parkway Suite 300 Annapolis, MD 21401 (800) 327-8711 www.cyber-edge.com Copyright © 2022, CyberEdge Group, LLC. All rights reserved. Definitive Guide™ and the CyberEdge Press logo are trademarks of CyberEdge Group, LLC in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Requests to the publisher for permission should be addressed to Permissions Department, CyberEdge Group, 1997 Annapolis Exchange Parkway, Suite 300, Annapolis, MD, 21401 or transmitted via email to info@cyber-edge.com . LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/ OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ . For general information on CyberEdge Group research and marketing consulting services, or to create a custom Definitive Guide™ book for your organization, contact our sales department at 800-327-8711 or info@cyber-edge.com . ISBN: 978-1-7371618-2-0 (paperback) ISBN: 978-1-7371618-3-7 (eBook) Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher’s Acknowledgements CyberEdge Group thanks the following individuals for their respective contributions: Copy Editor: Susan Shuttleworth Graphic Design: Debbi Stocco Production Coordinator: Jon FriedmanAcknowledgements This book’s publication was made possible by the Recorded Future personnel who provided their insight and expertise to this fourth edition. Contributors include: Stas Alforov, Andrei Barysevich, Levi Gundert, Lindsay Kaye, Jason Steer, Chris Ueland, John Wetzel, and Ellen Wilson . Thanks to Lucas Clauser for developing the distinctive cover art. We’d like to also thank those who con - tributed to previous editions of this book. Foreword by Dr. Christopher Ahlberg , co-founder and CEO, Recorded Future.Table of Contents Acknowledgements iii Foreword to the Fourth Editi